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Parasitology > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of reproductive organs do tapeworms have

A

hermaphroditic, except for nematoparataeniidae

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2
Q

What reproductive organs mature first on tapeworms

A

male then female
new proglottids bud off from neck region
mature proglottids move along strobila

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3
Q

Where do the proglottids come from, what is this area called

A

they are budded off from the germinative region

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4
Q

What affects the rate of maturation of proglottids

A

temperature
available carbs
reduced in high density infections
maximum length of the tapeworm

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5
Q

Which tapeworm would Dr Stewart use to lose wieght

A

diphylabothrium

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6
Q

How do tapeworm eggs leave the adults

A

proglottids have an opening from the uterus to the outside and eggs are produced continously
or
eggs are retained in the uterus which expands until it eventually reaches explosive pressure

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7
Q

Ture or false proglottids are always shedding

A

false

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8
Q

What occurs after gravid proglottids mature

A

the shed in segments either single or in short chains,

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9
Q

In the case of hymenolepis moniezia, where in the host are eggs found

A

the proglottid segments rupture the intestine, and the eggs are in the feces

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10
Q

What tapeworm has proglottids that can crawl

A

Taenia pisiformis of cats

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11
Q

Why might a gravid proglottid develop a secondary opening to the uterus

A

to shed eggs as the proglottids crawl

Taenia pisiformis

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12
Q

What solution does active proglottids provide?

A

It makes it so that the parasite doesn’t need a vector to spread, they have a better chance of infecting something because it can crawl around

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13
Q

What is one of the problems with transmission through proglottids

A

animals don’t tend to graze near their feces, some use insects as intermediate hosts to solve this

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14
Q

What tapeworm is also called the cucumber tapeworm, who are its main hosts? why does it have that name?

A

dipylidium caninum, cats and dogs, becuase the egg packets look like cucumbers

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15
Q

What is the secondary host of dipylidium caninum

A

fleas or louse

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16
Q

How are the definitive hosts of dipylidium caninum usually infected?

A

dogs and cats eat something (could be an intermediate host) with cysticercoids, develops into adults in dog/cat, eggs are passed in feces and eaten by fleas or louse, eggs hatch and become cysticercoids in flea/louse, flea/louse infects intermediate host or the same dog/cat

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17
Q

What are the definitive and intermediate hosts of hymenolepis diminuta

A

definitive: rodents
intermediate: flour or grain beetle

18
Q

What stage is hymenolepis diminuta at in each host

A

eggs and cysticercoids (hemocoel) in flour/grain beetle,
cysticercoid and adult tapeworm in rodents,
eggs in rodent feces

19
Q

What kind of tapeworms have proglottids that crawl out of the anus instead of waiting for its host to defecate

A

some taeniid proglottids

20
Q

How do hermaphrodite tapeworms self fertilize? what is their preference?

A

by folding back in itself, the older mature female organs and the younger mature male organs can fertilize, they would rather cross fertilize to increase diversity

21
Q

What is premunition?

A

When you have only one tapeworm at a time in a host, occurs with longer tapeworms that don’t want competition, they might secrete products that prevent others from developing

22
Q

Explain the pseudophyllidean life cycle

A

primitive, have free swimming larvae calle coracidium

23
Q

What do pseudophyllidean cestodes hatch as and what do flukes hatch as

A

pseudophyllidean: coracidium
flukes: miracidium

24
Q

What is the broad 10ft tapeworm that infects humans, where is it found

A

diphyllobothrium latum, great lakes of North America

25
Q

What are the intermediate and definitive hosts of diphyllobothrium latum

A

1st intermediate: crustaceans
2nd intermediate: freshwater fish
3rd intermediate: humans

26
Q

Where are diphyllobothrium eggs found, what environmental factors influence them, what hatches form them?

A

in feces in water, influenced by light, ciliated free swimming coracidium

27
Q

What occurs after the first intermediate host eats diphyllobothrium latum

A

in the crustacean, it penetrates the gut and becomes a procercoid, crustacean is eaten by fresh water fish

28
Q

What occurs after the second intermediate host is transmitted with diphylobothrium latum

A

a procercoid is released, burrows in the gut wall and becomes a plerocercoid in the body cavity of the freshwater fish

29
Q

Name the different stages of the diphyllobothrium latum life cycle

A 
unembryonated eggs in human feces
eggs embryonate in water
coracidia hatch in water
procercoid in crustacean
plerocercoid in fish
adult in human
30
Q

Describe the cyclophyllidean life cycle

A

advanced, intermediate arthropod or intermediate mammals

31
Q

What type of hosts are cysticercus and cysticercoid found in

A

cysticercus-vertebrates

cysticercoid-invertebrates

32
Q

What kind of scolex does Taenia solium have

A

acetabulates usually armed

33
Q

What tapeworm is also called the pork tapeworm

A

Taenia solium-pork

Taenia saginata- beef

34
Q

What does Taenia hatch as

A

oncospheres

35
Q

Where are Taenia eggs or gravid proglottids found

A

in human feces

36
Q

How do cattle and pigs get infected by Taenia tapeworms, what life stages occur in these hosts

A

by eating vegetation with eggs or gravid proglottid, hatch as oncospheres and penetrate intestinal wall, become cysticerci in muscle

37
Q

Name the stages in the Taenia life cycle

A

egg/ gravid proglottid in human feces
oncosphere in pig/cattle intestines
cysticerci in pig/cattle muscle
adults in human intestine

38
Q

What are the intermediate and definitive hosts of Taenia pisiformis

A

intermediate-rodents or any prey-cysticerci

definitive-cats or dogs-adults

39
Q

What are the intermediate and definitive hosts of Echinococcus granulosus

A

intermediate-sheep, goat, swine

definitive-dogs and other canidae

40
Q

What disease do Echinococcus granulosus cause

A

hydatid disease or hydatidosis

41
Q

What are the life stages of echinococcus granulosus

A 
adult in SI of canine 
embryonated egg in canine feces
eggs can be intermediate hosts
oncosphere in human intestine
hydatid cyst in human liver or lungs
protoscolex attaches to intestine

Parasitology (18 decks)

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