Chapter 11 Flashcards
What kind of reproductive organs do tapeworms have
hermaphroditic, except for nematoparataeniidae
What reproductive organs mature first on tapeworms
male then female
new proglottids bud off from neck region
mature proglottids move along strobila
Where do the proglottids come from, what is this area called
they are budded off from the germinative region
What affects the rate of maturation of proglottids
temperature
available carbs
reduced in high density infections
maximum length of the tapeworm
Which tapeworm would Dr Stewart use to lose wieght
diphylabothrium
How do tapeworm eggs leave the adults
proglottids have an opening from the uterus to the outside and eggs are produced continously
or
eggs are retained in the uterus which expands until it eventually reaches explosive pressure
Ture or false proglottids are always shedding
false
What occurs after gravid proglottids mature
the shed in segments either single or in short chains,
In the case of hymenolepis moniezia, where in the host are eggs found
the proglottid segments rupture the intestine, and the eggs are in the feces
What tapeworm has proglottids that can crawl
Taenia pisiformis of cats
Why might a gravid proglottid develop a secondary opening to the uterus
to shed eggs as the proglottids crawl
Taenia pisiformis
What solution does active proglottids provide?
It makes it so that the parasite doesn’t need a vector to spread, they have a better chance of infecting something because it can crawl around
What is one of the problems with transmission through proglottids
animals don’t tend to graze near their feces, some use insects as intermediate hosts to solve this
What tapeworm is also called the cucumber tapeworm, who are its main hosts? why does it have that name?
dipylidium caninum, cats and dogs, becuase the egg packets look like cucumbers
What is the secondary host of dipylidium caninum
fleas or louse
How are the definitive hosts of dipylidium caninum usually infected?
dogs and cats eat something (could be an intermediate host) with cysticercoids, develops into adults in dog/cat, eggs are passed in feces and eaten by fleas or louse, eggs hatch and become cysticercoids in flea/louse, flea/louse infects intermediate host or the same dog/cat
What are the definitive and intermediate hosts of hymenolepis diminuta
definitive: rodents
intermediate: flour or grain beetle
What stage is hymenolepis diminuta at in each host
eggs and cysticercoids (hemocoel) in flour/grain beetle,
cysticercoid and adult tapeworm in rodents,
eggs in rodent feces
What kind of tapeworms have proglottids that crawl out of the anus instead of waiting for its host to defecate
some taeniid proglottids
How do hermaphrodite tapeworms self fertilize? what is their preference?
by folding back in itself, the older mature female organs and the younger mature male organs can fertilize, they would rather cross fertilize to increase diversity
What is premunition?
When you have only one tapeworm at a time in a host, occurs with longer tapeworms that don’t want competition, they might secrete products that prevent others from developing
Explain the pseudophyllidean life cycle
primitive, have free swimming larvae calle coracidium
What do pseudophyllidean cestodes hatch as and what do flukes hatch as
pseudophyllidean: coracidium
flukes: miracidium
What is the broad 10ft tapeworm that infects humans, where is it found
diphyllobothrium latum, great lakes of North America
What are the intermediate and definitive hosts of diphyllobothrium latum
1st intermediate: crustaceans
2nd intermediate: freshwater fish
3rd intermediate: humans
Where are diphyllobothrium eggs found, what environmental factors influence them, what hatches form them?
in feces in water, influenced by light, ciliated free swimming coracidium
What occurs after the first intermediate host eats diphyllobothrium latum
in the crustacean, it penetrates the gut and becomes a procercoid, crustacean is eaten by fresh water fish
What occurs after the second intermediate host is transmitted with diphylobothrium latum
a procercoid is released, burrows in the gut wall and becomes a plerocercoid in the body cavity of the freshwater fish
Name the different stages of the diphyllobothrium latum life cycle
unembryonated eggs in human feces eggs embryonate in water coracidia hatch in water procercoid in crustacean plerocercoid in fish adult in human
Describe the cyclophyllidean life cycle
advanced, intermediate arthropod or intermediate mammals
What type of hosts are cysticercus and cysticercoid found in
cysticercus-vertebrates
cysticercoid-invertebrates
What kind of scolex does Taenia solium have
acetabulates usually armed
What tapeworm is also called the pork tapeworm
Taenia solium-pork
Taenia saginata- beef
What does Taenia hatch as
oncospheres
Where are Taenia eggs or gravid proglottids found
in human feces
How do cattle and pigs get infected by Taenia tapeworms, what life stages occur in these hosts
by eating vegetation with eggs or gravid proglottid, hatch as oncospheres and penetrate intestinal wall, become cysticerci in muscle
Name the stages in the Taenia life cycle
egg/ gravid proglottid in human feces
oncosphere in pig/cattle intestines
cysticerci in pig/cattle muscle
adults in human intestine
What are the intermediate and definitive hosts of Taenia pisiformis
intermediate-rodents or any prey-cysticerci
definitive-cats or dogs-adults
What are the intermediate and definitive hosts of Echinococcus granulosus
intermediate-sheep, goat, swine
definitive-dogs and other canidae
What disease do Echinococcus granulosus cause
hydatid disease or hydatidosis
What are the life stages of echinococcus granulosus
adult in SI of canine embryonated egg in canine feces eggs can be intermediate hosts oncosphere in human intestine hydatid cyst in human liver or lungs protoscolex attaches to intestine
