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Parasitology > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the physical characteristics of Platyhelminthes

A
  1. dorso-vental flattening
  2. bilateral symmetry
  3. no coelom
  4. no anus
  5. no circulatory system
  6. flame cells or protonephridia
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2
Q

What are the 5 classes of playhelminthes

A

Turbellaria- free living, some parastitic
Monogenea- all ectoparasites
Aspidogastrea- parasites of fish, turtles and mollusks
Digenea- endoparasites
Cestodes- endoparasites (tapeworms)

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3
Q

What are the group are they part of and where in body are they found-Degeneans

A

part of Trematoda, in gut or offshoots (bile duct, lungs or bladder)

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4
Q

What are the physical characteristics of Degenean adults

A

oral sucker around anterior mouth for feeding
larger ventral sucker for attachment and locomotion
tegument

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5
Q

Explain what tegument is

A

naked protoplasmic layer with nuclei that sink into parenchyma

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6
Q

How do Degeneans eat

A

get nutrients from tegument and gut, site of amino acid and glucose uptake

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7
Q

What are the parts of the excretory system in Degeneans

A

flame cells, use osmoregulation

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8
Q

Explain how flame cells work

A

have a single central duct and an excretory pore at the end,

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9
Q

What type of sexual structure to Degeneans have

A

schistosomes and didymozadae- dioecious (seperate M and F)

all others are monoecious (both sexes)

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of the ootypes of Degeneans

A

it forms an eggshell, mehlis gland produces lipoprotein

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11
Q

Would Degeneans rather self fertilize?

A

it is possible but not preferred because of genetic diversity.

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12
Q

Explain a fluke’s life cycle from egg to miracidium

A

eggs pass from vertebrate host in feces or urine, zygote develops and forms a miracidium

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13
Q

Where in the Fluke’s life cycle does reproduction occur (in terms of what host)

A

asexual reproduction in mollusc, sexual reproduction in vertebrate

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14
Q

Map out the full fluke life cycle

A

slide 14

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15
Q

Describe a flukes life cycle in steps

A
  1. unembryonated eggs pass in feces of host (human or animal)
  2. embryonated eggs in water
  3. miracidia watch in water and penetrate snail
  4. in snail miracidia turns to sporocyst turns to rediae turns to cercariae,
  5. Free swimming cercariae leaves snail and is left in water or plants in water.
  6. human ingests metacercariae
  7. excystation in duodenum of human
  8. Adults form in SI, reproduce and form eggs, start over
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16
Q

Explain how flukes go from miracidium to sporocysts

A

miracidium infects snail, penetrates or is ingested, egg hatches in gut and miracidium penetrates further, looses cilia and becomes sporocyst

17
Q

Explain how flukes go from sporocysts to rediae

A

sporocysts accumulate into germ balls. clone themselves and become redia, or stay sporocysts, migrate to digestive gland,

18
Q

Explain how flukes go from redia to metacercariae

A

redia become cercariae with tail, leave snail and infect final host, penetrate skin and become metacercariae

19
Q

What are metacercariae

A

encysted minature flukes, attach to vegetation or muscle of host

20
Q

How are flukes specific

A

specific towards molluscan host, not as specific towards vertebrate hosts.

21
Q

What fluke cercariae penetrates skin directly

A

schistosoma

22
Q

What are the three classes of metacercariae

A
  1. develop on vegetation or surface of shells. infective once cyst forms
  2. need several days to become infective, do not grow in intermediate host
  3. need weeks of growth and differentiation before becoming dormant in 2nd host
23
Q

How are types 2 and 3 metacercariae special

A

cysts that can take nutrients from second host, viable for up to 7 years

24
Q

Why is the metacercaria stage important

A

allow for transmission to definitive host even if is doesnt feed on any organisms, attacks herbivores. can cross environments

25
Q

What is the name of the liver fluke

A

fasciola hepatica

26
Q

Where in the world is fasciola hepatica found, what kind of people acquire it

A

cosmopolitan, infections where humans are near sheep and cattle, where people eat raw watercress.

27
Q

What are the symptoms of disease caused by the liver fluke, what is it called

A

facsioliasis-
chronic- adult fluke in bile duct, gall bladder obstruction
acute- immature flukes in hepatic parenchyma-ab pain, fever, vomiting (months)

28
Q

How are liver flukes treated

A

triclabendazole, 2 doses

29
Q

Dicrocoelium fluke

A

liver via bile duct, lancet liver fluke

30
Q

Clonorchis

A

carried to liver from gut through hepato portal system, chinese/ oriental liver fluke

31
Q

How is clonorchis treated

A

Praziquantel or albendazol

32
Q

Paragonimus westermani fluke

A

lung fluke penetrates gut , invades body cavity, goes from diaphragm to lungs

Parasitology (18 decks)

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