exam😡 Flashcards
classifying movement skills
often categorised are:
- movement precision
- type of movement
- predictability
what are the two MOVEMENT PRECISION requirements
gross motor skills
fine motor skills
gross motor skills
def- involves the recruitment of large muscle groups. Their is less emphasis on precision
e.g running and swimming
fine motor skills
def- involves the recruitment of smaller muscle associated with movements requiring precision
e.g bouncing a ball before serving tennis
finger and hand movement required when throwing a dart
what are the three TYPES of movement
discrete motor skills
serial motor skills
continuous motor skills
discrete motor skills
def-have an obvious beginning and end
e.g kicking a ball
-netball pass
serial motor skills
def-several discrete skills performed in a sequence (combination of discrete skills)
e.g gymnastics floor routine
continuous motor skills
def-have no definite beginning or end point
e.g walking or running
what are the two skills that relate to predictability of environment
closed motor skills
open motor skills
closed motor skills
def- those where the performer has the greatest control over the performance environment
e.g indoor individual diver
open motor skills
-opposite of closed motor skills, performed in a less predictable environment. Conditions are constantly changing and performer has limited control
what are fundamental movement skills
def-foundation skills that provide the basis for the development of more sport specific movement skills.
what classify fundamental skills
stability skills involving balance and control of the body
-manipulative skills involving control of an object such as throwing or catching
what are the three stages of learning
cognitive stage
associative stage
autonomous stage
cognitive stage of learning
-beginner is mentally trying to comprehend the movement requirements of the motor skills
characteristics of cognitive stage
-many errors in performance
-trial and error learning style
-unable to detect and correct performance errors
associative stage
-performer is beginning to refine their technique/movement pattern
characteristics of the associative stage of learning
-consistent performance of the basic mechanics of the skill
-learner concentrates on skill refinement
autonomous stage
when an athlete reaches this stage, the skills required are automatic
characteristics of the autonomous stage
-very few errors
-multitasking is evident
-highly skilled
what are the 5 practice strategies
-amount of practice
-practice distribution (massed and distributed)
-practice variability (blocked practice and random practice)
amount of practice
practice time is important for learning and mastering skills
what can amount of practice time be influenced by
-stage of learning
-environmental constraints
-player fatigue
what should coaches aim to do regarding amount of practice
consider time spent on each task within a session to ensure time spent well and motivation is maintained
diminishing returns
indicates that as a performer becomes more competent and moves into the later stages of learning, the rate of improvement gradually reduces
what is practice distribution
refers to the scheduling of practice sessions
-once the availability of the athletes have been established, the frequency and length of sessions can be determined
what are the two types of practice distribution
distributed practice
massed practice
distributed practice
def-involves shorter but more frequent training sessions
-more time is allocated to rest between task during session
- this is generally adopted by full time professional teams
massed practice
def- involves less frequent training sessions that last for a longer period of time
-rest intervals are shorter
-most non professional teams use this method because they need to schedule training around varied work
what are two types of practice variability
blocked practice
random practice
blocked practice
def- involves practicing the same skill continuously without changing to a different task
-each skill is practised in a block in isolation from other skills.
what learning stage is blocked practice more suitable for
appropriate strategy for cognitive as they are trying to understand and reproduce the movement action
-environment should be kept as stable as possible
random practice
def- the varied sequencing of different motor skills in the same training session
what stage of learning would random practice be more suitable for
suitable for performers in the autonomous stage and associative stage
what is feedback
feedback is information that a performer receives about the outcome of a task they have performed
what are two types of feedback
intrinsic (internal)
augmented (external)
what is intrinsic (internal) feedback
def- when performers use their own senses to asses performance including visual, auditory, proprioception and touch
what are the four types of intrinsic feedback
visual, auditory, proprioception and touch
what is an example of intrinsic feedback
when executing a tennis serve, the performer can whether the ball goes into the desired area of the court
what is augmented (external) feedback
this is external feedback that can greatly enhance a performers own internal feedback
-this can occur during or after a performance
if feedback occurs during activity it is called concurrent feedback
what are two types of augmented feedback
knowledge of results
knowledge of performance
knowledge of results
def- this refers to specific feedback about the outcome of the task, as opposed to feedback relating to performance characteristics
-this is particularly beneficial for players that are trying to develop new skills
