exam😡

Question 1

classifying movement skills

Answer 1

often categorised are:

• movement precision
• type of movement
• predictability

Question 2

what are the two MOVEMENT PRECISION requirements

Answer 2

gross motor skills
fine motor skills

Question 3

gross motor skills

Answer 3

def- involves the recruitment of large muscle groups. Their is less emphasis on precision

e.g running and swimming

Question 4

fine motor skills

Answer 4

def- involves the recruitment of smaller muscle associated with movements requiring precision

e.g bouncing a ball before serving tennis

finger and hand movement required when throwing a dart

Question 5

what are the three TYPES of movement

Answer 5

discrete motor skills
serial motor skills
continuous motor skills

Question 6

discrete motor skills

Answer 6

def-have an obvious beginning and end

e.g kicking a ball
-netball pass

Question 7

serial motor skills

Answer 7

def-several discrete skills performed in a sequence (combination of discrete skills)

e.g gymnastics floor routine

Question 8

continuous motor skills

Answer 8

def-have no definite beginning or end point

e.g walking or running

Question 9

what are the two skills that relate to predictability of environment

Answer 9

closed motor skills
open motor skills

Question 10

closed motor skills

Answer 10

def- those where the performer has the greatest control over the performance environment

e.g indoor individual diver

Question 11

open motor skills

Answer 11

-opposite of closed motor skills, performed in a less predictable environment. Conditions are constantly changing and performer has limited control

Question 12

what are fundamental movement skills

Answer 12

def-foundation skills that provide the basis for the development of more sport specific movement skills.

Question 13

what classify fundamental skills

Answer 13

stability skills involving balance and control of the body

-manipulative skills involving control of an object such as throwing or catching

Question 14

what are the three stages of learning

Answer 14

cognitive stage
associative stage
autonomous stage

Question 15

cognitive stage of learning

Answer 15

-beginner is mentally trying to comprehend the movement requirements of the motor skills

Question 16

characteristics of cognitive stage

Answer 16

-many errors in performance

-trial and error learning style

-unable to detect and correct performance errors

Question 16

associative stage

Answer 16

-performer is beginning to refine their technique/movement pattern

Question 17

characteristics of the associative stage of learning

Answer 17

-consistent performance of the basic mechanics of the skill

-learner concentrates on skill refinement

Question 18

autonomous stage

Answer 18

when an athlete reaches this stage, the skills required are automatic

Question 19

characteristics of the autonomous stage

Answer 19

-very few errors
-multitasking is evident
-highly skilled

Question 20

what are the 5 practice strategies

Answer 20

-amount of practice

-practice distribution (massed and distributed)

-practice variability (blocked practice and random practice)

Question 21

amount of practice

Answer 21

practice time is important for learning and mastering skills

Question 22

what can amount of practice time be influenced by

Answer 22

-stage of learning

-environmental constraints

-player fatigue

Question 23

what should coaches aim to do regarding amount of practice

Answer 23

consider time spent on each task within a session to ensure time spent well and motivation is maintained

Question 24

diminishing returns

Answer 24

indicates that as a performer becomes more competent and moves into the later stages of learning, the rate of improvement gradually reduces

Question 25

what is practice distribution

Answer 25

refers to the scheduling of practice sessions

-once the availability of the athletes have been established, the frequency and length of sessions can be determined

Question 26

what are the two types of practice distribution

Answer 26

distributed practice

massed practice

Question 27

distributed practice

Answer 27

def-involves shorter but more frequent training sessions

-more time is allocated to rest between task during session

• this is generally adopted by full time professional teams

Question 28

massed practice

Answer 28

def- involves less frequent training sessions that last for a longer period of time

-rest intervals are shorter

-most non professional teams use this method because they need to schedule training around varied work

Question 29

what are two types of practice variability

Answer 29

blocked practice

random practice

Question 30

blocked practice

Answer 30

def- involves practicing the same skill continuously without changing to a different task

-each skill is practised in a block in isolation from other skills.

Question 31

what learning stage is blocked practice more suitable for

Answer 31

appropriate strategy for cognitive as they are trying to understand and reproduce the movement action

-environment should be kept as stable as possible

Question 32

random practice

Answer 32

def- the varied sequencing of different motor skills in the same training session

Question 33

what stage of learning would random practice be more suitable for

Answer 33

suitable for performers in the autonomous stage and associative stage

Question 34

what is feedback

Answer 34

feedback is information that a performer receives about the outcome of a task they have performed

Question 35

what are two types of feedback

Answer 35

intrinsic (internal)

augmented (external)

Question 36

what is intrinsic (internal) feedback

Answer 36

def- when performers use their own senses to asses performance including visual, auditory, proprioception and touch

Question 37

what are the four types of intrinsic feedback

Answer 37

visual, auditory, proprioception and touch

Question 38

what is an example of intrinsic feedback

Answer 38

when executing a tennis serve, the performer can whether the ball goes into the desired area of the court

Question 39

what is augmented (external) feedback

Answer 39

this is external feedback that can greatly enhance a performers own internal feedback

-this can occur during or after a performance

if feedback occurs during activity it is called concurrent feedback

Question 40

what are two types of augmented feedback

Answer 40

knowledge of results

knowledge of performance

Question 41

knowledge of results

Answer 41

def- this refers to specific feedback about the outcome of the task, as opposed to feedback relating to performance characteristics

-this is particularly beneficial for players that are trying to develop new skills