Exam 1: Week 3 content Flashcards
trauma
the diagnostic criteria for PTSD
gross stress reaction comes from which DSM?
DSM 1
gross stress reaction
stress syndrome in response to exceptional physical or mental stress
- occurs in people who are otherwise normal ⇒ non stigmatizing definition
- symptoms must subside in days to weeks
T/F there was no diagnosis of PTSD in the first DSM?
True
what changed in the DSM from DSM 1
there is no gross stress reaction or PTSD
- gross stress reaction diagnosis in DSM 1 was dropped from DSM2 without explanation
- nothing about trauma or stress in the DSM 2
what was important about DSM 3?
PTSD diagnosis was first introduced
- Problems faced by Vietnam veterans returning home ⇒ had no diagnoses or treatments
- Violence against women ⇒ sexual assault, domestic violence
- Similar symptoms ⇒ many events can lead to PTSD
how was PTSD defined in DSM 3?
defined in terms of similar symptoms that could develop after many different kinds of trauma like War, sexual abuse, assault, etc.
how was trauma defined in DSM 3 (III-R)
event outside the range of usual human experience that would be markedly distressing to almost anyone
- Reactions to trauma are very subjective ⇒ saying it should be distressing may not encompass everyone
how was trauma defined DSM 4?
criterion A in PTSD criteria ⇒ without a trauma you don’t have PTSD
- Experiencing, witnessing, or being confronted (close friend/family) with an event that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of self or others (A1)
- Response involved intense fear, helplessness, or horror (A2)
how is trauma defined in DSM 5
Criterion A: exposure to death, threatened death, actual or threatened serious injury, or actual or threatened sexual violence
- Direct exposure
- Witnessing in person
- Indirect exposure => violent or accidental
- Repeated or extreme indirect exposure to aversive details of event(s), usually in the course of professional duties
T/F DSM 5 still needs experience of fear, helplessness, or horror?
False
how does defining trauma broadly change responses? (2)
- Even minor, everyday events can be traumatic
- Almost any event can be traumatic depending on who is experiencing it
The diagnosis of PTSD was first introduced in
- DSM 1 1952
- DSM 2 1968
- DSM 3 1980
- DSM 4 1994
DSM 3 1980
what % of undergraduates reported at least one traumatic event in their life?
85% => on average students had almost 3
- Events may not have actually met all the criteria and they may not have responded emotionally with the DSM 4 criteria
- most common event was family close friend died from accident, homicide, or suicide
most common college traumas (4)
- Death of a friend or family member
- Life threatening event of a friend or family member
- Unwanted sexual attention
- Watching family violence
how do trauma rates change when fewer events are assessed?
there is lower trauma prevalence
- average lifetime trauma prevalence rate in students across studies is about 70-80%
what % of adults in the US have trauma exposure?
90-94%
- DSM 5 criteria had 90% of at least 1 (avg 3)
- DSM 4 criteria taken out of DSM 5 had 94%
what were the most common traumas?
physical and sexual assault or death of a family and friend
what type of traumatic events are studied globally? (6)
- Collective violence ⇒ civilian war zone, refugee
- caused/witnessed bodily harms ⇒ combat, witnessed death, dead body
- Interpersonal violence ⇒ beaten up by caregiver, witnessed physical fights at home
- Intimate partner/sexual violence ⇒ sexual assault, stalked, private event (cant talk)
- accidents/injuries ⇒ natural disaster, car accident
- Other ⇒ unexpected death of loved one, man made disasters
what percent of global people report at least one traumatic event?
70%
top 5 global traumatic events?
- Unexpected death of loved one
- Witnessing death
- Being mugged
- Car accident
- illness/injury
what type of countries have higher trauma rates?
higher income countries like the US (83%) compared to Bulgaria (29%)
do high, middle, or low income countries have higher trauma events?
middle income has the lowest, then low income, and high income
how do trauma rates across cities in different countries change?
vary from 90 to 21%
- Munich has 21% while Detroit has 90%
