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CNS > Exam 1 Unit 2 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Neuroepithelial cells gives rise to:

A

Neuroblast
Ependymal cells
Glioblasts

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2
Q

Give rise to astrocytes & the oligodendrocytes

A

Glioblast

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3
Q

Maintain some mobility potential

A

Astrocytes

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4
Q

Most numerous cell of the adult central nervous system

A

Astrocytes

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5
Q

2 types of astrocytes

A

Protoplasmic - grey matter

Fibrous - white matter

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6
Q

______ found b/t blood vessel capillaries & neuron cell bodies

A

Astrocytes

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7
Q

Store what little excess glucose can be held by CNS tissue

A

Astrocytes

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8
Q

Play a dominate role in forming “scar- like” tissue following CNS injury

A

Astrocytes

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9
Q

Neurotransmitters such as _________, _______, _________ may be influenced directly by astrocytes at synaptic gaps.

A

Glutamate, dopamine, serotonin

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10
Q

Types of oliodendrocytes:

A

Perineuronal satellites - grey matter

Interfascicular- white matter(form myelin sheaths around most axons in CNS)

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11
Q

Serve as a”leaky” barrier b/t the CSF and the CNS parenchyma

A

Ependymal cells

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12
Q

Most ependymal cells are classified as

A

simple cuboidal

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13
Q

Tanycytes in 3rd ventricle

A

Transporting some compounds from CSF to hypophyseal- portal system

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14
Q

Most common, primary brain tumor

A

Astrocytoma

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15
Q

Most lethal, primary brain tumor

A

Glioblastoma

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16
Q

Restrict the flow of CSF- result in increase in intracranial pressure

A

Ependymona

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17
Q

medodermally derived. Arise from fetal macrophages & invade from the bloodstream during embryonic & fetal development

A

Microglia

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18
Q

Become active when neural tissue is injured

A

Microglia

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19
Q

Microglia have _______ function -responsible for clearing dead & damaged tissue & may even wall off damaged areas along with the astrocytes

A

Phagocytic Function

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20
Q

Also mediate immune responses w/in CNS

A

Microglia

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21
Q

Have a neuroepithelial origins (along neural tube)

A

Neuroblast

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22
Q

Neuroeithelial cells in the neural crest give rise to _____ of the PNS

A

Neurons

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23
Q

Show little mitotic activity but do undergo growth/masturation & adaptation

A

Neuroblast

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24
Q

Neuron Classification

A

Anatomical vs. Physiological

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25
Anatomical classification:
Based on appearance & generally designated as unipolar, bipolar, and mulitpolat
26
Physiological Classification:
based on function & position & generally designated as sensory, motor, & internuncial
27
- AKA Pseudounipolar: w/ central & peripheral extensions. | - Found in Dorsal Root Ganglion
Unipolar
28
Smell, vision, hearing, taste, & equilibrium
Bipolar
29
ONE & ONLY ONE axon. but can have multiple denrites
Multipolar
30
Multipolar has 2 types:
Golgi Type 1; Long axon | Golgi Type 2: Short axon
31
Carry info. toward CNS
Sensory
32
Carry info. away from CNS
Motor
33
An internuncial neuron that runs b/t equivalent structures on OPPOSITE sides of the CNS
Commissural
34
An internuncial neuron that begins in one structure & terminates in a different structure
Projection
35
Projection neurons has 2 types:
Ipsilateral- stays on the SAME side | Contralateral- Crosses to the OPPOSTIE side
36
An internuncial neuron in the spinal cord that begins & ends at the same cord level
Intra segmental
37
Internuncial neuron in the spinal cord that begins at one cord level & terminates at another cord level
Inter segmental
38
Bilaminar disc is the ectoderm and the endoderm, the Ectoderm gives rise to what system
Nervous system
39
Neural crest cells give rise to what system
PNS
40
Rhombencepalon is made up of the:
Myelencephalon & the Metencephalon
41
Prosencephalon is made up of the:
Diencephalon and the telencephalon
42
Myelencephalon gives rise to the:
M.O
43
Metencephalon gives rise to the:
Cerebellum and the pons
44
Secrete cerebrospinal fluid and form the "choroid plexus" in each ventricle
Ependymal cells
45
What structures meet to form a synapse in the CNS?
Axoaxonic Axondendritic Axonsomatic
46
Axonaxonic:
Synapse w/ axon - least common
47
Axondendritic:
Axon synapses with another dendrite- Most common
48
Axonsomatic:
Synapse b/t axon & cell body
49
Where are mitochondria most abundant?
- Cell body | - Telodendritic endings
50
Mitochondria produce what?
ATP
51
What are nissl bodies?
Clumps of RER
52
Nissl bodies are also known as?
Tigroid bodies
53
When present nissl bodies are found in the:
Dendrites and cell body
54
New names for neurofibrils?
Microtubules Microfilaments Neurofilaments
55
Tubules help maintain cell shape and have a diameter b/t 20-30 nm (largest)
Microtubules
56
They run longitudinally and circinferentially and are often associated with axolemma (3-5 nm smallest)
Microfilaments
57
Moderate in diameter filaments (9-10nm middle in size)
Neurofilaments
58
What is axoplasmic (cell) transport?
Movement of "raw materials" within the cell (NOT nerve impulse)
59
- Movement of protein building blocks for the neurofibrils and mitochondria. - Occurs in an anterograde direction (away from the cell body)
Slow transport (DOES NOT REQUIRE ATP)
60
- Movement of synaptic vesicles, lysosomes, and certain enzymes. - Moves in either anterograde or retrograde
Fast transport (REQUIRES ATP)
61
The anatomical & functional unit of the nervous system (single nerve cell)
Neuron
62
Extension of the neuron AWAY from its cell body (can be an axon or a dendrite)
Neuron process
63
Neuron process conducting an impulse TOWARD the cell body, Can be several
Dendrite
64
Single neuron process carrying the impulse AWAY from the cell body toward a synaptic or neuromuscular junction
Axon
65
Raised area of the cell body from which an axon arises, In the CNS most action potential are initiated here
Hillock
66
Dominantly long process, if present, of a neuron. Usually an axon but can be a dendrite
Nerve fiber
67
Myelin is composed of ________/________ and neurokeratin (protein) accumulations. Myelin is made by surrounding cells
Phospholipid/ cholesterol
68
Schwann cells wraps around the:
Neuron
69
Schwann cells become:
Neuralemma
70
There is no myelin over the _______, ________ or ______. when present myelin is only over the long process. (fiber)
Telodendria, Perkaryon or hillock
71
Schwann cells cover nerve fibers in the
PNS
72
Where one Schwann covering meets another a tiny exposed area is created and is called:
Node of Ranvier
73
Where the Schwann cell exists, you have an:
Internode
74
Additional coverings in the PNS
Endoneurium Perineurium Epineurium
75
Highly vascular, fibrous and cellular matrix is around each neurilemma. It continues even out along the finest telodendritic branches.
Endoneurium
76
- This coat wraps around groups of fibers (fasciculi). - The most elastic of the mesodermal covers - it is continuous with the pia and the arachnoid maters as it approaches the CNS structures
Peineurium
77
-Outer coat of a nerve - Virtually inelastic and adds protection, strength and support to the fasciculi w/in. Continuous with the dura mater as it approaches the CNS structures
Epineurium
78
Myelin will be found covering what structures in the CNS?
Axons > 1micron in diameter
79
Is the myelin associated with a Schwann cell?
No, interfassicular oliodendrocytes
80
Guillain - Barre syndrome
Affects the PNS / affects Schwann cells
81
Multiple Scerosis
Affects the CNS
82
Axons grouped together in the CNS
White matter
83
Midline white matter connectors inside the CNS
Commissures
84
A stalk or pillar-like formation of the CNS white matter
Peduncles

CNS (23 decks)

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