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CNS > Exam 1 Unit 2 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Neuroepithelial cells gives rise to:

A

Neuroblast
Ependymal cells
Glioblasts

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2
Q

Give rise to astrocytes & the oligodendrocytes

A

Glioblast

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3
Q

Maintain some mobility potential

A

Astrocytes

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4
Q

Most numerous cell of the adult central nervous system

A

Astrocytes

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5
Q

2 types of astrocytes

A

Protoplasmic - grey matter

Fibrous - white matter

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6
Q

______ found b/t blood vessel capillaries & neuron cell bodies

A

Astrocytes

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7
Q

Store what little excess glucose can be held by CNS tissue

A

Astrocytes

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8
Q

Play a dominate role in forming “scar- like” tissue following CNS injury

A

Astrocytes

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9
Q

Neurotransmitters such as _________, _______, _________ may be influenced directly by astrocytes at synaptic gaps.

A

Glutamate, dopamine, serotonin

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10
Q

Types of oliodendrocytes:

A

Perineuronal satellites - grey matter

Interfascicular- white matter(form myelin sheaths around most axons in CNS)

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11
Q

Serve as a”leaky” barrier b/t the CSF and the CNS parenchyma

A

Ependymal cells

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12
Q

Most ependymal cells are classified as

A

simple cuboidal

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13
Q

Tanycytes in 3rd ventricle

A

Transporting some compounds from CSF to hypophyseal- portal system

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14
Q

Most common, primary brain tumor

A

Astrocytoma

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15
Q

Most lethal, primary brain tumor

A

Glioblastoma

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16
Q

Restrict the flow of CSF- result in increase in intracranial pressure

A

Ependymona

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17
Q

medodermally derived. Arise from fetal macrophages & invade from the bloodstream during embryonic & fetal development

A

Microglia

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18
Q

Become active when neural tissue is injured

A

Microglia

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19
Q

Microglia have _______ function -responsible for clearing dead & damaged tissue & may even wall off damaged areas along with the astrocytes

A

Phagocytic Function

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20
Q

Also mediate immune responses w/in CNS

A

Microglia

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21
Q

Have a neuroepithelial origins (along neural tube)

A

Neuroblast

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22
Q

Neuroeithelial cells in the neural crest give rise to _____ of the PNS

A

Neurons

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23
Q

Show little mitotic activity but do undergo growth/masturation & adaptation

A

Neuroblast

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24
Q

Neuron Classification

A

Anatomical vs. Physiological

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25
Q

Anatomical classification:

A

Based on appearance & generally designated as unipolar, bipolar, and mulitpolat

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26
Q

Physiological Classification:

A

based on function & position & generally designated as sensory, motor, & internuncial

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27
Q
  • AKA Pseudounipolar: w/ central & peripheral extensions.

- Found in Dorsal Root Ganglion

A

Unipolar

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28
Q

Smell, vision, hearing, taste, & equilibrium

A

Bipolar

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29
Q

ONE & ONLY ONE axon. but can have multiple denrites

A

Multipolar

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30
Q

Multipolar has 2 types:

A

Golgi Type 1; Long axon

Golgi Type 2: Short axon

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31
Q

Carry info. toward CNS

A

Sensory

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32
Q

Carry info. away from CNS

A

Motor

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33
Q

An internuncial neuron that runs b/t equivalent structures on OPPOSITE sides of the CNS

A

Commissural

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34
Q

An internuncial neuron that begins in one structure & terminates in a different structure

A

Projection

35
Q

Projection neurons has 2 types:

A

Ipsilateral- stays on the SAME side

Contralateral- Crosses to the OPPOSTIE side

36
Q

An internuncial neuron in the spinal cord that begins & ends at the same cord level

A

Intra segmental

37
Q

Internuncial neuron in the spinal cord that begins at one cord level & terminates at another cord level

A

Inter segmental

38
Q

Bilaminar disc is the ectoderm and the endoderm, the Ectoderm gives rise to what system

A

Nervous system

39
Q

Neural crest cells give rise to what system

A

PNS

40
Q

Rhombencepalon is made up of the:

A

Myelencephalon & the Metencephalon

41
Q

Prosencephalon is made up of the:

A

Diencephalon and the telencephalon

42
Q

Myelencephalon gives rise to the:

A

M.O

43
Q

Metencephalon gives rise to the:

A

Cerebellum and the pons

44
Q

Secrete cerebrospinal fluid and form the “choroid plexus” in each ventricle

A

Ependymal cells

45
Q

What structures meet to form a synapse in the CNS?

A

Axoaxonic
Axondendritic
Axonsomatic

46
Q

Axonaxonic:

A

Synapse w/ axon - least common

47
Q

Axondendritic:

A

Axon synapses with another dendrite- Most common

48
Q

Axonsomatic:

A

Synapse b/t axon & cell body

49
Q

Where are mitochondria most abundant?

A
  • Cell body

- Telodendritic endings

50
Q

Mitochondria produce what?

A

ATP

51
Q

What are nissl bodies?

A

Clumps of RER

52
Q

Nissl bodies are also known as?

A

Tigroid bodies

53
Q

When present nissl bodies are found in the:

A

Dendrites and cell body

54
Q

New names for neurofibrils?

A

Microtubules
Microfilaments
Neurofilaments

55
Q

Tubules help maintain cell shape and have a diameter b/t 20-30 nm (largest)

A

Microtubules

56
Q

They run longitudinally and circinferentially and are often associated with axolemma (3-5 nm smallest)

A

Microfilaments

57
Q

Moderate in diameter filaments (9-10nm middle in size)

A

Neurofilaments

58
Q

What is axoplasmic (cell) transport?

A

Movement of “raw materials” within the cell (NOT nerve impulse)

59
Q
  • Movement of protein building blocks for the neurofibrils and mitochondria.
  • Occurs in an anterograde direction (away from the cell body)
A

Slow transport (DOES NOT REQUIRE ATP)

60
Q
  • Movement of synaptic vesicles, lysosomes, and certain enzymes.
  • Moves in either anterograde or retrograde
A

Fast transport (REQUIRES ATP)

61
Q

The anatomical & functional unit of the nervous system (single nerve cell)

A

Neuron

62
Q

Extension of the neuron AWAY from its cell body (can be an axon or a dendrite)

A

Neuron process

63
Q

Neuron process conducting an impulse TOWARD the cell body, Can be several

A

Dendrite

64
Q

Single neuron process carrying the impulse AWAY from the cell body toward a synaptic or neuromuscular junction

A

Axon

65
Q

Raised area of the cell body from which an axon arises, In the CNS most action potential are initiated here

A

Hillock

66
Q

Dominantly long process, if present, of a neuron. Usually an axon but can be a dendrite

A

Nerve fiber

67
Q

Myelin is composed of ________/________ and neurokeratin (protein) accumulations. Myelin is made by surrounding cells

A

Phospholipid/ cholesterol

68
Q

Schwann cells wraps around the:

A

Neuron

69
Q

Schwann cells become:

A

Neuralemma

70
Q

There is no myelin over the _______, ________ or ______. when present myelin is only over the long process. (fiber)

A

Telodendria, Perkaryon or hillock

71
Q

Schwann cells cover nerve fibers in the

A

PNS

72
Q

Where one Schwann covering meets another a tiny exposed area is created and is called:

A

Node of Ranvier

73
Q

Where the Schwann cell exists, you have an:

A

Internode

74
Q

Additional coverings in the PNS

A

Endoneurium
Perineurium
Epineurium

75
Q

Highly vascular, fibrous and cellular matrix is around each neurilemma. It continues even out along the finest telodendritic branches.

A

Endoneurium

76
Q
  • This coat wraps around groups of fibers (fasciculi).
  • The most elastic of the mesodermal covers
  • it is continuous with the pia and the arachnoid maters as it approaches the CNS structures
A

Peineurium

77
Q

-Outer coat of a nerve
- Virtually inelastic and adds protection, strength and support to the fasciculi w/in.
Continuous with the dura mater as it approaches the CNS structures

A

Epineurium

78
Q

Myelin will be found covering what structures in the CNS?

A

Axons > 1micron in diameter

79
Q

Is the myelin associated with a Schwann cell?

A

No, interfassicular oliodendrocytes

80
Q

Guillain - Barre syndrome

A

Affects the PNS / affects Schwann cells

81
Q

Multiple Scerosis

A

Affects the CNS

82
Q

Axons grouped together in the CNS

A

White matter

83
Q

Midline white matter connectors inside the CNS

A

Commissures

84
Q

A stalk or pillar-like formation of the CNS white matter

A

Peduncles

CNS (23 decks)

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