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CNS > Exam 1 part 2 > Flashcards

Exam 1 part 2 Flashcards

1
Q
  • double layers of sickle-shaped meningeal dura extending into a few brain fissures
  • “compartmentalize” vault and brain
  • support & protect from sloshing
A

dural falces

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2
Q

frontal falx located in the great longitudinal cerebral fissure bt the two hemispheres
-extends from Crista Galli to internal occipital protuberance

A

falx cerebri

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3
Q
  • lower falx that dips bt the cerebellar hemispheres in the posterior cerebellar notch
  • fixed at the internal occipital crest
A

falx cerebelli

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4
Q
  • tent like side (R/L) falces over the cerebellum and under the occipital lobes of the cerebrum
  • located in the transverse/horizonal cerebral fissue
A

tentorium cerebelli

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5
Q
  • opening left bt the R & L tentorial wings, brain stem comes up through this opening
  • brain structures can be supratentorial v infratentorial; for surgery
A

tentorial hiatus

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6
Q

dura that forms a “roof” over the pituitary fossa

-perforated in the middle by the infundibular stalk (to the pituitary)

A

diaphragma sellae

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7
Q

diaphragma sellae

A

dural cephalgia

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8
Q
  • transparent, non-vascular membrane

- only dips into fissures or sulci when dura does

A

arachnoid mater

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9
Q

thin membrane formed by arachnoid + pia maters

A

leptomeninges

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10
Q

apparent dural tumor that actually starts in the arachnoid membrane but quickly attaches to the dura

A

meningioma

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11
Q

a potential space between the arachnoid and dura mater; should not have anything in it

A

subdural space

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12
Q

a real space between the arachnoid and pia maters that is filled with CSF

A

subarachnoid space

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13
Q

“holding tank” where subarachnoid space is particularly deep

A

subarachnoid cisternae

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14
Q
  • largest extracranial cistern
  • fills lumbar cul-de-sac
  • location of a spinal tap
A

lumbar cistern

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15
Q
  • largest cranial cistern, aka cisterna magna

- 4th ventricle opens into it via the median foramen

A

cerebellomedullary cistern

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16
Q
  • cistern w/ important BVs, veins & arteries

- pineal gland, and midbrain collicular bodies here

A

cistern of the great cerebral vein

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17
Q
  • cistern anterior to pons

- lateral foramina enter laterally from the 4th ventrical

A

pontine cistern

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18
Q

much of the cerebral arterial circle of willis vascularization is in this cistern

A

interpeduncular cistern

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19
Q

tufted prolongation of arachnoid mater that herniate into the dura mater
-allow used CSF to be removed from the subarachnoid space & carried out cranial vault via DVS’s

A

arachnoid villi

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20
Q
  • innermost meninx, “tender mother”
  • dips into ALL fissues, sulci, folia of brain AND cord
  • along with arachnoid mater is part of leptomeninx
A

pia mater

21
Q

-cells & collagen bundles continuous w/ arachnoid trabeculae, is continuous w/ BVs to/from CNS

A

outer pia

22
Q

structure in the vertebral canal that is formed by pia that penetrates the arachnoid & fuse w/ the dura

A

denticulate ligaments

23
Q

-strand of fibrous tissue formed primarily by the outer pia, proceeds down from the apex of the conus medullaris

A

filum terminale internum

24
Q
  • layer of pia w/ fine reticular & elastic fiber that is adherent to the CNS tissue w/i
  • melanophores can be abundant here->melanoma
A

deeper pia

25
Q
  • “deeper” pial coating that surrounds larger BVs, dips in/out of CNS tissue
  • perivascular space is bt this and BV
A

pial cuff

26
Q

accumulation of blood outside of the BV

A

hematoma

27
Q
  • a collection of blood in the potential space bt the skull & periosteal dura
  • due to head trauma
  • pressure must be surgically relieved or death
A

epidural hematoma

28
Q
  • collection of blood in the pt’l space bt meningeal dura & arachnoid
  • due to a shear injury, bridging vein rupture
  • chronic in elderly, acute (trauma) in younger
  • usually not as dangerous, smaller veins, doesn’t escalate quickly
A

subdural hematoma

29
Q
  • collection of blood in subarachnoid space
  • traumatic: due to cerebral contusion
  • non-traumatic: spontaneous, “worst headache of my life” !!
A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

30
Q

blood perfused through the brain each minute

A

800 ml

31
Q
  • leading cause of death in M&F >25yo w/ HBP or arteriosclerosis or both
  • most due to arterial blockage
A

stroke (CVA)

32
Q

most common site for CVA/strokes

A

middle cerebral artery

33
Q

most common site for strokes under chiropractic care

A

posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

34
Q

-arteries that supply the majority (2/3) of blood to brain

A

internal carotid arteries

35
Q
  • anteromedial longitudinal artery trunk

- sends ~200 branches into the ventral aspect of the cord

A

AMLAT

36
Q

posterior longitudinal artery trunks

A

PLLAT

37
Q
  • most common capillary type, lacks holes/fenestrae
  • is not leaky, joined tightly w/ thick basement
  • still has thin walls for oxygen/glucose to pass thru
A

continuous capillary

38
Q
  • structure that does not allow substances access into CNS structures via the bloodstream
  • mostly due to the continuous capillary
  • astrocytes assist in function
A

blood brain barrier

39
Q

lipid soluble molecules, caffeine, alcohol, cocaine, nicotine, L-dopa

A

can cross BBB

40
Q

water-soluble molecules, botulinum, dopamine

A

can’t cross BBB

41
Q
  • large veins that lack valves, have a simple endothelial lining, and the dura acts as support
  • v. low BP
A

dural venous sinuses

42
Q
  • ~do NOT follow back the same course the arteries and arterioles follow into the CNS
  • form pial plexuses
  • most penetrate the arachnoid mater and meningeal dura to drain into the DVS’s
A

CNS venules/veins

43
Q
  • longest DVS, receives used blood from scalp, bones, cerebrum via arachnoid villi
  • along the midline (falx cerebri)
  • blood flows into R transverse DVS
A

superior sagittal DVS

44
Q
  • DVS along post 2/3 of falx cerebri

- empties blood into straight DVS

A

inferior sagittal DVS

45
Q
  • DVS at jxn of falx cerebri, tent cerebelli, falx cerebelli

- drainage ~into the L transverse DVS

A

straight DVS

46
Q
  • v. small DVS

- flow ~into L transverse DVS

A

occipital DVS

47
Q
  • bilateral structure at approx jxn of straight, occip, sup sag DVS
  • drainage away from confluens are via transverse DVS’s
A

confluence of the sinuses

48
Q

-large bilateral DVS running along fixed occipital bone margins of tentorium cerebelli

A

transverse DVS

49
Q
  • bilateral DVS that courses along the mastoid process of the temporal & occipital bone to the jugular foramen
  • continues w/ the internal jugular vein
A

sigmoid DVS

CNS (23 decks)

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