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CNS > CNS exam 1 Diagrams > Flashcards

CNS exam 1 Diagrams Flashcards

1
Q

nervous system significance

A

plays a dominant role in coordination, association & integration of body responses to internal & external demand

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2
Q

CNS components

A

brain & spinal cord

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3
Q

PNS components

A
  • 12 cranial nerve PAIRS
  • 31 spinal nerve PAIRS
  • ganglia
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4
Q

groups of neuron cell bodies clustered together in the PNS

A

ganglia

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5
Q

groups of neuron cell bodies clustered together in the CNS

A

nuclei

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6
Q

outgoing nerve fiber

A

efferent

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7
Q

incoming nerve fiber

A

afferent

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8
Q

NS part that innervates skeletal, voluntary muscles

  • both efferent & afferent NF, w/ ONE cell body
  • involves CNS & PNS
  • cholinergic
A

somatic component of NS

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9
Q
  • NS part that innervates glandular epithelium, smooth, & cardiac (visceral/involuntary) muscles
  • both CNS & PNS
  • efferent (motor) NF receive emphasis
A

autonomic component of NS

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10
Q

sympathetic & parasympathetic

-divisions from efferent NFs only

A

autonomic subdivisions

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11
Q
  • located in both CNS & PNS, craniosacral
  • cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X
  • sacral nerves 2-4
  • uses TWO efferent neurons to reach the target
A

ANS: parasympathetic division

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12
Q

preganglionic neuron is LONG

  • postganglionic neuron is SHORT (usually in target)
  • cholinergic system
A

efferent parasympathetic neurons

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13
Q
  • subdivision of ANS that slows heart rate, speeds peristalsis, constricts the pupil & respiratory tree
  • “rest and digest”
A

parasympathetic effects

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14
Q
  • subdivision of ANS that speeds heart rate, decreases peristalsis, dilates the pupil & respiratory tree
  • “fight or flight”
A

sympathetic effects

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15
Q
  • located in both CNS & PNS, but PNS nerves w/ sympathetic efferent fibers are thoracolumbar
  • spinal nerves T1-L2
  • uses 2 efferent neurons to reach the target
A

ANS: sympathetic division

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16
Q
  • preganglioninc is SHORT –>cholinergic

- postganglionic is LONG –>adrenergic (NE)

A

efferent sympathetic neurons

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17
Q
  • 1:17

- more widespread/general response, very fast

A

pre:post sympathetic ratio

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18
Q
  • 1:2

- more limited response, but more precise

A

pre:post parasympathetic ratio

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19
Q
  • structure in second week of embryo development that is split between ectoderm & endoderm
  • ectoderm (outer layer) will give rise to the NS
A

bilaminar disc

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20
Q
  • forebrain, primary brain vesicle

- forms the secondary vesicles telencephalon & diencephalon

A

prosencephalon

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21
Q
  • midbrain, primary brain vesicle

- forms the secondary vesicle with the same name

A

mesencephalon

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22
Q
  • hindbrain, primary brain vesicle

- forms the secondary vesicles metencephalon & myelencephalon

A

rhombencephalon

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23
Q

secondary brain vesicle that forms the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia & lateral ventricles

A

telencephalon

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24
Q

secondary brain vesicle that forms the thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland & 3rd ventricle

A

diencephalon

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25
Q

secondary brain vesicle that forms the corpora quadrigemina, cerebral peduncles, & cerebral aqueduct

A

mesensephalon (secondary)

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26
Q

secondary brain vesicle out of the pontine flexure that forms the cerebellum, pons, & 4th ventricle

A

metencephalon

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27
Q

secondary brain vesicle out of the pontine flexure that forms the MO & 4th ventricle, and is continuous w/ the spinal cord

A

myelencephalon

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28
Q

area of multipotent cells in a developing fetus that will give rise to the CNS

A

neural tube

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29
Q

-structure in developing embryo w/ multipotent cells that will give rise to the PNS

A

neural crest

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30
Q
  • flexure at the caudal end of an embryo, posterior to the rhombencephalon
  • disappears later in development
A

cervical flexure

31
Q

-flexure at the cranial end of an embryo, anterior to the rhombencephalon & posterior to the mesencephalon

A

cephalic flexure

32
Q

“pre-neurons”

-formed from neuroepithelial cells, these immature cells give rise to neurons

A

neuroblasts

33
Q

10% of body weight & uses 60% O2

A

brain at birth

34
Q

2-2.5% of body weight & uses 20% O2

A

brain in adult

35
Q
  • non-conductive, ~ undifferentiated “nerve glue” cells, can help guide neurons in development
  • 10:1 glio:neuron ratio
  • formed from neuroepithelial cells
  • immature cells that further differentiate into astrocytes & oligodendrocytes
A

glioblasts

36
Q
  • cell for structural support ~ CT
  • stellate shape, most numerous cell in adult CNS
  • help the BBB, store glucose, glial-scarring (stroke)
A

astrocytes

37
Q

astrocyte found in gray matter: unmyelinated

A

protoplasmic astrocytes

38
Q

astrocyte found in white matter: myelinated

A

fibrous astrocytes

39
Q

oligodendrocyte in the white matter

-forms myelin sheaths around most CNS axons (like the Schwann Cells in the PNS)

A

interfasicular oligodendrocyte

40
Q
  • oligodendrocytes in the gray matter

- possibly play a nutrient role

A

perineuronal satellites

41
Q

cells lining the central canal/ventricles of CNS that are a “leaky” barrier bt the CSF & CNS parenchyma
-some secrete CSF and form choroid plexus in each ventricle

A

ependymal cells

42
Q

involved in communication bt the 3rd ventricle & the hypothalamus

A

tanycytes

43
Q

solid tumor derived from glioblasts, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, in general

A

glioma

44
Q

tumor that begins in the brain as opposed to being metastasized to it

A

primary brain tumor

45
Q
  • most common primary brain tumor

- in the astrocytes (most common glial cell)

A

astrocytoma

46
Q
  • mostly lethal primary brain tumor

- increased risk w/ age, 6 mo life expectancy

A

glioblastoma

47
Q
  • choroid plexus CSF builds up, can’t get out

- increased pressure->hydrocephalus

A

ependymoma

48
Q
  • tiny mesodermally derived glial cells with a phagocytic/scar forming function
  • become activated w/ dmg/infected neural tissue
A

microglia

49
Q
  • only disease in which the CNS cells are productively infected
  • if they become infected, they spread it to others
  • microglia involved bc of immune response
A

HIV

50
Q
  • classification of neurons based on appearance

- unipolar, bipolar, multipolar

A

anatomical neuron classification

51
Q
  • classification of neurons based on function/position

- sensory, motor, internuncial

A

physiological neuron classification

52
Q
  • neuron with seemingly one process, but really has both a dendrite & axon closely associated together
  • usually involved w/ sensory
A

(pseudo)unipolar

53
Q

neuron with 2 distinct processes, found in the special sense organs
-equilibrium, sight, smell, taste, etc

A

bipolar

54
Q
  • neuron with multiple dendrites and one axon
  • golgi type I: larger/long axons
  • golgi type II: smaller/short axons, more numerous
  • usually associated w/ motor
A

multipolar

55
Q
  • afferent neuron that gets info from the PNS to the CNS

- can be uni-, bi-, multi-

A

sensory neuron

56
Q
  • efferent neuron that takes info from the CNS to the PNS, usually to somatic muscle
  • are mostly multipolar
A

motor neuron

57
Q

neurons that are entirely within the CNS structures and have special types depending on where they reach

A

internuncial neurons

58
Q

internuncial neuron running bt the same thing on opposite sides of the CNS (R - L)

A

commissural

59
Q

internuncial neuron that begins in one structure and terminates in a different in the CNS

A

projection

60
Q

type of projection neuron that stays on the same side of the CNS

A

ipsilateral

61
Q

type of projection neuron that crosses to the opposite side

A

contralateral

62
Q
  • type of projection neuron in the SC that begins and ends at the same cord level
  • also contralateral
A

INTRAsegmental

63
Q
  • type of projection neuron in the SC that begins at one cord level and ends at another.
  • also ipsilateral
A

INTERsegmental

64
Q
  • cell body, 4-130 micron in diameter

- takes several shapes: stellate, round, fusiform, oval, pyramidal

A

perikaryon

65
Q
  • axoaxonic: least common
  • axodendritic: most common
  • axosomatic: soma=cell body
A

synapse types

66
Q
  • most abundant in soma/telodendria

- used for energy/atp prod, for AP

A

mitochondria

67
Q
  • clumps of RER + free ribosomes and iron deposits

- found in the dendrites & soma, NOT in the axon or hillock

A

Nissl bodies

68
Q
  • apparent dissolving of Nissl bodies following a neuron injury
  • are actually just dispersing, and will reconstitute if the cell survives
A

chromatolysis

69
Q

fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus under neuronal injury

A

retispersion

70
Q

largest tubules, maintain cell shape

A

microtubules

71
Q

smallest tubules, associated w/ axolemma

-run longitudinally & circumferentially

A

microfilaments

72
Q

tubules intermediate in size

A

neurofilaments

73
Q

movement of raw materials within the cell (intraneuronal)

A

axoplasmic transport

74
Q
  • intracellular movement of items like protein for the neurofibrils and mitochondria
  • 0.1-3.0 mm/day in the anterograde direction
  • slow, so little energy required
  • speed is directly related to axon length
A

slow transport

CNS (23 decks)

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