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Top 200 > Exam 1 Pcol 2 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Pcol 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Morphine

Ms

A

Mu Agonist

Ms Cotin, Kadian

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2
Q

Codeine

A

Mu Agonist

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3
Q

Meperidine

D

A

Mu receptor agonist

Demerol

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4
Q

Hydrocodone extended release

z

A

Mu receptor agonist

Zohydro

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5
Q

Hydrocodone + Acetaminophen

v

A

Mu receptor agonist

Vicodin

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6
Q

Hydrocodone + homatropine

h

A

Mu receptor agonist + muscarinic antagonist

Hycodan

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7
Q

Tramadol

u

A

Mu receptor agonist
Can also directly activate a2 receptors and will inhibit the reuptake of 5-HT and norepinephrine
can lead to serotonin syndrome–> tweaking

Ultram

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8
Q

Tapentadol

n

A

Mu receptor agonist
will also inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine

Nucynta

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9
Q

Oxycodone ER

O

A

Mu receptor agonist

Oxycotin

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10
Q

Oxycodone + acetaminophen

P

A

Mu receptor agonist

Percocet

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11
Q

Oxycodone + aspirin

P

A

Mu receptor agonist

Percodan

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12
Q

Methadone

phenyl propyl amine nuclei
A

Mu receptor agonist

Dolophine

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13
Q

Hydromorphone

D

A

Mu receptor agonist

Dilaudid

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14
Q

Oxymorphone

A

Mu receptor agonist

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15
Q

Levorphanol

Levo-d

A

Mu receptor agonist

levo-dromoran

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16
Q

Fentanyl

4-analino piperidine nuclei
A

Mu receptor agonist

Duragesic, actiq

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17
Q

Alfentanil

A

Mu receptor agonist

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18
Q

Remifentanil

A

Mu receptor agonist

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19
Q

Sufentanil

Ds

A

Mu receptor agonist

Dsuvia

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20
Q

Oliceridine

oli

A

Mu receptor agonist
Biased ligand

Olinvyk

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21
Q

Diphenoxylate + atropine

4-phenylpiperidine nuclei

lom-

A

periphery Mu receptor agonist

lomotil

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22
Q

Loperamide

im-

A

periphery Mu receptor agonist

imodium

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23
Q

DTO

A

Periphery Mu agonist

Deoderize tincture of opium

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24
Q

Naloxone

A

Mu antagonist

Narcan

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25
Q

Nalmefene

rev

A

Mu antagonist

Revex

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26
Q

Naltrexone

Viv-

A

Mu antagonist

vivitrol

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27
Q

Methylnaltrexone

re

A

Periphery Mu antagonist

relistor

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28
Q

Naloxegol

Mova
think movan (muevan)

A

periphery Mu antagonist

movantik

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29
Q

Naldemedine

symp

A

Periphery Mu antagonist

Symproic

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30
Q

Alvimopan

ent

A

Periphery Mu antagonist

Entereg

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31
Q

Nalbuphine

Nub-

A

Kappa agonist/Mu antagonist

Nubian

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32
Q

Butorphanol

morphiran nuclei is missing ring D no 3 modifications
A

Kappa agonist/Mu antagonist

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33
Q

Pentazocine

Benzomorphan nuclei missing ring D and C
A

Kappa agonist/Mu antagonist

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34
Q

Buprenorphine

sub

Oripavine nuclei
A

Mu partial agonist / Kappa antagonist
has hugh affinity to Mu receptors but very little intrinsic activity so less withdrawal symptoms

Subutex

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35
Q

Buprenorphine + Naloxone

A

Partial mu Agonist / Mu antagonist

Suboxone

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36
Q

Ziconotide

pri

A

Conotoxin peptide drug
cause the closing of the N-type Ca2+ channels in the dorsal horn / spinal cord so no activation of the ascending neurons
Can treat chronic pain

Prialt

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37
Q

Sumatriptan

im-

A

Triptans
Activate 5-HT 1B and 5-HT 1D

Imitrex

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38
Q

Almotriptan

Ax-

A

Triptan
Activate 5-HT 1B and 5-HT 1D

Axert

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39
Q

Zolmitriptan

Zo-

A

Triptans
Activate 5-HT 1B and 5-HT 1D

Zomig

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40
Q

Naratriptan

Amer-

A

Triptan
Activate 5-HT 1B and 5-HT 1D

Amerge

41
Q

Rizatriptan

Max-

A

Triptans
Activates 5-HT 1B and 5-HT 1D

Maxalt

42
Q

Frovatriptan

A

Triptan
Activate 5-HT 1B and 5-HT 1D

Frova

43
Q

Eletriptan

Rel-

A

Triptan
activate 5-HT 1B and 5-HT 1D

Relpax

44
Q

Ergotamine

A

Ergots
Activate 5-HT 1B , 5-HT 1D, can directly activate A1 receptors that are Gq, activate 5-HT 2a receptors in the uterus

45
Q

Dihydroergotamine

A

Ergots
Activate 5-HT 1B receptor in the blood vessles , 5-HT 1D receptor in the presynaptic, 5-HT 2a receptor in the uterus smooth muscle
And directly activates A1 receptor

46
Q

Methylergonovine

A

Ergot
Activate 5-HT 2a receptor in the uterus and is use to stop post-partum bleeding

methergine

47
Q

Lasmiditan

rey-

A

Ditans
Activate 5-HT 1F and reduces the release of CGRP

Reyvow

48
Q

Ubrogepant

u-

A

Gepants
CGRP Competitive antagonist

Ubrelvy

49
Q

Rimegepant

nu-

A

Gepans
CGRP competitive antagonist

Nurtec ODT

50
Q

Atogepant

qui-

A

Gepans
CGRP competitive antagonist

Quilipta

51
Q

Zavegepant

Zav-

A

Gepans
CGRP competitive antagonist

Zavzpret

52
Q

Aimovig

A

Monoclonal antibody
CGRP antagonist

53
Q

Ajovy

A

Monoclonal antibody
CGRP antagonist

54
Q

Emgality

A

Monoclonal antibody
CGRP antagonist

55
Q

Vyepti

A

Monoclonal antibody
CGRP antagonist

56
Q

Treximet

A

Sumatriptan (imitrex) + Naproxen (naprosyn)

57
Q

Fiorinal

A B C

A

Aspirin + Butalbital + Caffeine

58
Q

Fioricet

A B C

A

Acetaminophen + Butalbital + Caffeine

59
Q

Benzo’s -am

Midazolam

Ve-

MIDA VE REMI BY TRI HALCON

A

Benzodiazepine
Positive allosteric modulator enhances GABA by binding to the intercept between Y2 and A1
Short Acting
Use for:
-Anxiety provoking events
-Produces brief sedation for short procedure and calms the pt
-Use hypnotic effect–> Pt has trouble falling asleep

Versed

60
Q

Remimazolam

MIDA VE REMI BY TRI HALCON

A

Benzo
Positive allosteric modulation –> Enhances GABA
Binds to the intercept between Y2 and A1
Use for:
-Anxiety provoking events
-Produces brief sedation for short procedure and calms the pt
-Use hypnotic effect–> Pt has trouble falling asleep

Byfavo

61
Q

Triazolam

MIDA VE REMI BY TRI HALCON

A

Benzo = -am
Positive allosteric modulator enhances GABA by binding to the intercept between Y2 and A1
Short acting
Use for:
-Anxiety provoking events
-Produces brief sedation for short procedure and calms the pt
-Use hypnotic effect–> Pt has trouble falling asleep

Halcion

62
Q

Alprazolam

X

A

Benzo –> Intermediate acting
Postiive allosteric modulator binds in between the Y2 and A1 intercept and enhances GABA activity
-Use for anxiety

Xanax

63
Q

Estazolam

p-

A

Benzo –> Intermediate acting
Positive allosteric modulator
enhances GABA by binding in between the Y2 and A1 intercept
-Use for anxiety

Prosom

64
Q

Lorazepam

A

Benzo –> Intermediate acting
Positive allosteric modulator –> bind in between the Y2 and A1 intercept and enhances GABA activity
-Use for anxiety

Ativan

65
Q

Oxazepam

Se- think Sera

A

Benzodiazepine–> Intermediate acting
Positive allosteric modulator it binds in between the Y2 and A1 intercept and enhances GABA
-Use for anxiety

Serax

66
Q

Temazepam

Re-

A

Benzodiazepine–> intermediate acting
Positive allosteric modulator –> Binds in between the Y2 and A1 intercept and enhances GABA
-Use for anxiety

Restoril

67
Q

Flunitrazepam

Roh-

A

Benzodiazepine –> Intermediate acting
Positive allosteric modulator binds in between the Y2 and A1 intercept enhacing GABA
Use for anxiety

Rohypnol

68
Q

Chlordiazepoxide

li-

A

Benzo–> Long acting
Positive allosteric modulator binds in between the Y2 and A1 intercept and will enhance GABA
Use for:
Anxiolytic
Hypnotic–> Trouble maintaining sleep
Myorelaxant
Anticonvulsant

librium

69
Q

Clobazam

o-

A

Benzo –> Long acting
Binds inbetween the A1 and Y2 intercept and enhances GABA is a positive allosteric
Use for:
Anxiolytic
Hypnotic–> Trouble maintaining sleep
Myorelaxant
Anticonvulsant

Onfi

70
Q

Clonazepam

K

A

Benzo–> Long acting
It binds inbetween the y2 and A1 intercept and enhances GABA activity is a positive allosteric modulation
Use for:
Anxiolytic
Hypnotic–> Trouble maintaining sleep
Myorelaxant
Anticonvulsant

Klonopin

71
Q

Clorazepate

T-

A

Benz–> Long acting
Positive allosteric modulator binds next to the intercet of Y2 and A1 and enhances GABA activity
Use for:
Anxiolytic
Hypnotic–> Trouble maintaining sleep
Myorelaxant
Anticonvulsant

Tranxene

72
Q

Diazepam

Benzo-b-1,4-diazepine nuclei

Can give by injection as organic salt for anticonvulsion
Give PO for Hypnolytic and anxiolytic

A

Benzo –> Long acting
Positive allosteric modulator binds in between the Y2 and A1 intercept and enhances GABA
Use for:
Anxiolytic
Hypnotic–> Trouble maintaining sleep
Myorelaxant
Anticonvulsant

Valium

73
Q

Flurazepam

Dal-

A

Long acting benzo
Positive allosteric modulator –> Binds in between the Y2 and A1 intercept and enhances GABA activity
Use for:
Anxiolytic
Hypnotic–> Trouble maintaining sleep
Myorelaxant
Anticonvulsant

Dalmane

74
Q

Quazepam

Think doral bank

A

Long acting Benzo
Positive allosteric modulator binds in between the Y2 and A1 intercept and enhances GABA activity
Use for:
Anxiolytic
Hypnotic–> Trouble maintaining sleep
Myorelaxant
Anticonvulsant

Doral

75
Q

Flumazenil

A

Benzodiazepine receptor antagonist
It binds in between the Y2 and A1 intercept and prevent the benzodiazepines from binding
-Has no effect on GABA

76
Q

Zolpidem

ZolA Zale Son Eszo Lunes

A

Z compound
Is a positive allosteric modulator it binds to the GABA A receptor the one that has the A1 receptor that is found primarly in areas of the brain that produces Sedation and hypnotic effects

Ambien

77
Q

Zaleplon

ZolA Zale-Son Eszo Lunes

It has 6 member ring fused with a 5 member ring Is metabolize by N-deethylation in the liver by CYP and is a fast rxn so is short acting
A

Z-compound
Positive Allosteric Modulator it binds to the GABA A receptor the one that has A1 receptor that is in areas of the brain that produces Sedation and Hypnotic effects

Sonata

78
Q

Eszopiclone

ZolA Zale Son Eszo Lunes

A

Z compound
Is a positive allosteric modulator it binds to the GABA A receptor the one that has the A1 receptor so is use because of its hypnotic effects

Lunesta

79
Q

Thiopental

pyrimidine derivative nuclei
A

Ultra-Short acting barbiturate
Positive allosteric modulator –> Binds to the GABA A receptor that has any A and B subunit and enhances GABA a inhibitor N.S
It can also bind to AMPA receptor and block Glutamate from binding (Glutamate is a excitatory N.S)
Use IV as pre-anesthesia

80
Q

Methohexital

-th-

A

Ultra-short acting barbiturates
Positive allosteric modulator –> Binds to GABA A receptor the ones that contain any A and B subunit and enhances GABA activity (inhibitory n.s) Cl- enter hyperpolarize the cell
-It can also bind to AMPA receptors and block Glutamate from binding (a excitatory n.s)
-Use for anesthesia in surgery

81
Q

Secobarbital

sec-

Pyrimidine trione nuclei
A

Short acting Barbiturate
-Positive allosteric modulator –> Binds to GABA A receptor the ones that have A and B subunit and enhances GABA activity (inhibitory N.S and Cl- enter hyperpolarize the cell)
-Can bind to AMPA receptors and block Glutamate from binding (excitatory n.s)
-Use for physician assistant suicide

Seconal

82
Q

Pentobarbital

nem-

Pyrimidine trione nuclei Metabolize by Aliphatic hydroxylation --> Fast rxn
A

Short acting Barbiturate
Positive allosteric modulator–> Binds to GABA A receptor the ones that have any A and B subunit and enhances GABA activity (inhibitory n.s Cl- enters hyperpolarize the cell)
-Can also bind to AMPA receptors and block Glutamate (excitatory n.s ) from binding
-Use for pre-anesthesia
-Was used for insonmnia

Nembutal

83
Q

Butalbital

Pyrimidine trione nuclei Metabolize by Aliphatic hydroxylation
A

Intermediate Barbiturate
-Positive allosteric modulator –> Binds to GABA A receptors the ones that have A and B subunit and enhaces GABA activity (a inhibitory n.s and Cl- enters hyperpolarize the cell)
-Can also bind to AMPA receptors and will block Glutamate from binding
-Use for sedating the pt
-Was used for insomnia

84
Q

Phenobarbital

Lu-

Pyrimidine trione nuclei Metabolize by aromatic hydroxylation --> Slow rxn Weak lipophilic --> So poor absorption from the GIT Weak acidic and Weak lipophilic --> Only 60% PPB
A

Long acting Barbiturate
-Positive allosteric modulator –> Binds to GABA A receptors the ones that have A and B subunit and enhances GABA activity (inhibitory n.s)
-Can also bind to AMPA receptors and prevent glutamate from binding (excitatory n.s)
-Use as anticonvulsant as a Na+ salt injection
-Used to be use for insonmnia by PO

Luminal

85
Q

Melatonin

A

MT1 and MT2 receptor agonist
MT1 –> Associated with hypnotic effects
MT2–> Associated with reset of the circadiam rhythm
-Melatonin is produce endogenous by the pineal gland in the bran and follows the circadiam rhythm
High during night
Low during day

86
Q

Ramelteon

(Roz-)

-melteon =
think rozemos

A

MT1 and MT2 agonist
But is somewhat more selective for MT1
MT1 receptor is associated with Hypnotic effects
Use Ramelteon (Rozerem) for insomnia

Rozerem

87
Q

Tasimelteon

-Melteon=
Hetl-

A

MT1/MT2 agonist
Tasimelteon is more selective for MT2 receptor that is associated with reset of circadiam rhythm
Is use to treat non-24 sleep wake disorder in a pt that is blind

Hetlioz

88
Q

-Oxerant=

Suvorexant

(Bels-

A

DORA’s
Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist
-Suvorexant (Belsomra) will block oxerin from binding to its receptor –> Therefore Oxerin won’t be able to produce its wakefulness effects
-Use for hypnotic –> Help pt fall asleep

Belsomra

89
Q

-OREXANT =

Lemborexant

(Day-

A

DORA= Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist
Orexin is peptide in the brain that is associated with Wakefulness
But Lemborexant (Dayvigo) will prevent orexin from binding
-Use for Hypnotic effect–> Help pt fall asleep

Dayvigo

90
Q

-OREXANT =

Daridorexant

(Quvi-

A

DORA’s
Dual Oxerin Receptor Antagonist
Oxerin is peptide in the brain that is associated with wakefulness
But Daridoxerant (Quviviq) will block oxerin from binding and produces hypnotic effect
-Use to help pt fall asleep

Quviviq

91
Q

Buspirone

Bus-

A

5-HT1A Partial agonist
It will activate 5-HT1A receptors that are in the pre-synaptic and will cause less release of 5-HT onto post synaptic 5-HT receptors (Serotonin causes anxiety)
-By reducing the release of 5-HT from the presynaptic it causes Anxiolytic effects but it takes time weeks to develop the anxiolytic effects
-Only use for chronic anxiety not for acute anxiety (event provoking anxiety)
-Can also be use in pt that have substance abuse behavior and want to stay away from Benzodiazepines and Z drugs (Zola Zale Son Eszo Lunes)
-Does not produce sedation and no hypnotic effects

Buspar

92
Q

Baclofen

Lio-

A

Centrally acting muscle relaxant works in the spinal cord
-Work as a GABA B receptor agonist (GABA B is link to Gi)
-Use for chronic muscle spasm
-Can cause physical dependence so need to tapper down the dose because if the pt suddenly stop can suffer from withdrawals hallucinations

Lioresal

93
Q

Tizanidine

Zana-

A

Is a Centrally Acting Muscle relaxant
Is a A2 agonist
Activates A2 receptors in the pre-synapse –> K+ Channels open K+ leaves and cause hyperpolarization –> Less release of glutamate
Activates A2 receptors in the post-synapse motor neuron–> K+ channels open K+ leaves causes the motor neuron to be more negative and wont be able to generate impulses to the skeletal muscle

Zanaflex

94
Q

Cyclobenzaprine

Flex-

A

Centrally acting muscle relaxant
-Works by a indirect mechanism –> Inhibit the reuptake of Norepinephrine at the A2 receptors therefore indirectly causes increase activation of the A2 receptors in the presynaptic neuron –> So less release of glutamate
In the postsynaptic–> K+ leaves so the post-synaptic motor neuron wont be able to generate impulses down to the skeletal muscle

-Block Histamine H-1 receptors
-Block Muscarinic receptors

Flexeril

95
Q

Carisoprodol

Think Soma the bras brand

A

Centrally acting muscle relaxant
-Carisoprodol (Soma) is converted into is active metabolite that is Meprobamate
Meprobamate will have similar effects like barbiturates –> Binds to the GABA A receptor and enhances GABA activity at the GABA A so Cl entry –> The post synaptic motor neuron is hyperpolarize and cannot generate impulses to the skeletal muscle
-Use as muscle relaxant

Soma

96
Q

Orphenadrine

Nor-

A

Centrally acting Muscle relaxant
-It blocks the NMDA receptor (A ligand gated receptor in the post synaptic motor neuron) and prevent Glutamate from binding so no Na+ entry –> The motor neuron won’t be able to generate impulses to the skeletal muscle

-Block Histamine-H1 receptors
-Block Muscarinic receptors

Norflex

97
Q

Methocarbamol

Roba-

A

Centrally acting muscle relaxant
It blocks NMDA receptors (Ligand gated) in the post-synaptic motor neuron so Block glutamate from binding so no Na+ entry –> No generation of impulses to the skeletal muscle

-Block Histamine H1 receptors
Block Muscarinic receptors

Robaxin

98
Q

Dantrolene

D-

A

Direct acting muscle relaxant –> Does not work in the CNS it works directly in the Skeletal muscle
-Inhibits the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum –> So no Ca2+ to work on the skeletal muscle –> No muscle contraction

-Is also use as a antidote when someone uses succinylcholine and the pt has a genetic polymorphism and suffers from malignant hyperthermia

Dantrium

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