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Developmental Bio > Exam 1 - mammals > Flashcards

Exam 1 - mammals Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Chemotaxis

A

Cell movement in response to chemical signal

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2
Q

Thermotaxis

A

Cell movement in response to temperature changes

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3
Q

Rheotaxis

A

Cell movement in response to a current

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4
Q

Oviduct

A

Fallopian tube

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5
Q

Ampulla

A

Segment of mammalian oviduct near the ovary, where fertilization takes place

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6
Q

Cumulus Layer

A

A cluster of cells that surround the oocyte

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7
Q

Cumulus-Oocyte Complex

A

A single oocyte surrounded by the cumulus cells within an extracellular matrix

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8
Q

Zona Pellucida

A

Glycoprotein extracellular matrix around the mammalian egg (vitelline envelope for mammals)

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9
Q

Polyspermy

A
  • Slow block that releases Juno
  • Slow block that disables Z2
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10
Q

Contact and Recognition

A

May be chemotaxis. Progesterone
Thermotaxis after capacitation

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11
Q

Capacitation

A

A set of physiological changes by which mammalian sperm become capable of fertilizing an egg
- ability to perform acrosome reaction
- ability to bind to eg

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12
Q

Acrosome reaction

A

Happens before sperm reach the cell and after capacitation. If a sperm has not gone through capacitation, they will bind to ZP3 and then begin acrosome reaction before binding to ZP2

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13
Q

“humanized” mouse embryos & Zona proteins

A

Mouse cells with human ZP2 in the zona pellucida could bind sperm

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14
Q

ICSI

A

A procedure that involves injecting a single sperm directly into an egg in vitro.

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15
Q

Zona reaction

A

After sperm fertilizes an egg, the cortical granules release enzymes that digest the proteins ZP2 and ZP3, preventing them from binding to sperm

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16
Q

Calcium Waves

A
17
Q

Zinc Spark

A

When sperm bind to the egg, a rush of zinc is released into the zona pellucida. May:
- inhibit enzymes that digest zona pellucida
-Alter sperm movement
-Act as a chemoreppelent to counteract progesterone
- Disrupt Juno-Izumo interaction

18
Q

Mammalian cleavage

A

Rotational Holoblastic Cleavage
- Slow
-Asynchronous
-Compact at 8 cell

19
Q

Compaction

A

Cells in the 8 cell embryo change their adhesive properties and become tightly attached to each other

20
Q

Ovastacin

A

A protease released by the cortical granules after fertilization to digest ZP2

21
Q

Juno

A

Protein found on the mammalian oocyte that binds to Izumo, a protein on sperm

22
Q
A

Developmental Bio (16 decks)

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