Exam 1: Lecture 6: Healthy Pet nutrition - Adult Maintenance & Senior Flashcards
What are the 4 main aspects to a Nutrition Assessment
- Assess the patient / animal
- Assess the current and prior diet
- Assess the feeding management
- Repeat as needed
The “triad” to animal nutritional is?
Animal, diet and feed management
What is the most important nutrient that animals should get?
Water
Generally, how much water should be supplied to animals?
60 ml/kg BW/day
Calculate the daily water requirement (ml) for a 50 lb adult dog?
50 lb / 2.2 =22.7 kg
22.7 kg x 60 ml/kg BW = 1362 ml = 1.4 L
How can we provide sources of water to animals?
- Drinking water
- Food
(all food contains water)
(around 10% in kibble and hay)
(around 80% in canned food and fresh forage) - Metabolic body water
(Glucose + oxygen = ATP + CO2+ WATER)
(EX: Camel)
T/F: If cats for example drink less water from the bowl its ok because they will intake higher amounts in food?
true
For pet food selection, which three things can we ask?
- Is it safe?
- Is it nutritious?
- Is it appropriate for this pet?
What is the “Target” for pet food selection
commerical diets substantiated for “ adult maintenance” or “all lifestages”
What percent of an animals daily caloric intake should pet food take up?
90%
What percent of animals daily caloric intake should treats take up?
10% or less
T/F: some commercial diets are not complete and balanced and are meant to be used as a flavor enchancer / topper
true
What does “intermittent or supplemental feeding” mean?
- renal diets (P-restricted) or copper-restricted liver diets substantiated by formulation
- Should be a portion of the 10% of diet unless a vet says this diet is required full time
Who formulates veterinary diets?
- PhD in nutrition +/- DACVN or DECVCN
(employee vs consultant) - MS/PhD in food science and technology
What is the quality process in pet food?
- ingredient acquisition
- Engineers and manfacturing line safety
- Nutrition analysis of the finished product (If substantiated by formulation)
- Testing food and manfacturing facility for pathogen
______% of daily energy/calories should come from a complete and balanced diet?
90%
What is the dog lifestage factor for an adult, neutered male?
1.4 to 1.6
What is the feline (cat) lifestage factor for an adult, neutered male?
1.2 to 1.4
How do you know if the deit is working?
Re-assessment
T/F: Food companies make a specific deit for seniors?
False!!
- no specific food made for seniors so give adult maintenance
What is the two categories that AAPCO has guidelines for?
- Reproduction and growth
- Maintenance
Should senior animals be on reproduction and growth or adult maintenance feeds?
adult maintenance
T/F: there are specific guideliens for senior foods?
false!!
no specific guidelines
What are the 3 Osteoarthritis nutrition strategies to support joint health?
- Maintain a BCS of 5/9
- Regular exercise
- Enchance nutrients that can help support joint health
Does the following fit the description for Omega 3 or Omega 6 Fatty Acids?
- Increases serum n-3
- May not help with pain reduction
- Dose **300 mg EPA + DHA / kg ^0.75 BW
Omega 3
Does the following fit the description for Omega 3 or Omega 6 Fatty Acids?
- Decreased joint inflammation
- Reduced clinical signs of osteoarthritis
Omega 3 fatty acids
What are the sources of Omega 3 fatty acids?
- Fish
(lower in fish meal) - Fish oil + algae oil
(Look at EPA + DHA concentration)
(Ensure mandacturer is testing (D and A) + heavy metals (mercury)
What are potential adverse effects of Omega 3 fatty acids?
- Altered platalet function
- Reduced wound healing
How/When do you supplement Omega 3 fatty acids?
- If diet provides 1,000 mg Omega 6 FA + 300 mg Omega 3 FA per day
- The addition of 1 tsp supplement to the diet =
(1,600 mg total Omega 3 FA = inverse n6:n3 ratio
What does the following define?
- High in Omega 3 FA
- contain glycosaminoglycans (GAG)
- Reduces lymphocyte TNF-alpha production
- Inhibits LOX in vitro
- Reduced lameness scores in dogs
- Improved musculoskeletal exam scores in dogs
Green-Lipped Mussel
(perna canaliculus)
What does the following define?
- Low oral bioavailability
- Portects against experimentally induced synovitis in dogs
- Stimulates cartilage metabolism + inhibits degradation in dogs
Glucosamine + Chondroitin Sulfate
What does the following define?
- Reduces CS of OA + Improved histologic apperance of articular cartilage in dogs
- Long term administration well tolerated in dogs
Glucosamine + Chondroitin Sulfate
What are key nutrients/ingredients in commercial diets to support joint health
- EPA and DHA (Omega 3 FA)
- Green lipped mussel
- Glucosamine / chondroitin
- Curcumin (from turmeric)
- Antioxidants
T/F: Supplements are not regulated?
FALSE!!!!!
Supplements are regulated, but survelliance is limited
Define Sarcopenia
- Age related muscle loss
- protein
(quality and quantity) - Omega 3 Fatty acids
(look for “fish oil” in commercial diet ingreadient list)
T/F: Aging associated with increased antioxidant status?
False!!
they reduce with age
Does medium chain triglycerides + Omega 3 FA + B vitamins + Antioxidants decrease or improve cognative dysfunction scorses (CDS)
improve
What is the role of L- Carnitine?
Role in energy metabolism
- L-caranitine shuttles fatty acids across the mitohondrial membrane
What are the 4 things to look at in pet foods regarding cognative dysfunction
- Antioxidants + antioxidant precursors
- Medium chain triglycerides + Omega 3 FA + B vitamins + Antioxidants
- L-carnitine
- Commercial products
- Environmental enrichment
What commercial food can be given for cognative dysfunction
- Hills b/d
- Purina NC
- royal canine mature consult
- Acktivait
What is the main way to help animals with anxiety?
behavorial modification / training
________ is a precursor to melatonin and serotonin
L-tryptophan
- this is helpful for animals with anxiety
T/F: Alpha casozepine (Beata) - affinity for GABA, CBD, commerical products and drugs can be beneficial for animals anxiety?
true
What commercial food products can help animals with anxiety?
- royal canine calm
- hills i/d stress canine
- hulls c/d stress multicare feline
- purina calming care probiotic
- zylkene
- nutramax solliquin
What products can help animals with dental disease?
- brush teeth (gold standard)
- veterinary dental deits formulated to manage tarter and/or plaque
- VOHC treats
What is the gold standard for preventing dental disease?
brush teeth
