Exam 1 - Feline Anesthesia Flashcards
What is the dosage for ketamine?
5mg/kg
What type of drug is ketamine?
NMDA antagonist, sympathomimetic
Does ketamine provide any analgesic effect?
yes - some anelgesia
What is the rate of onset and duration of ketamine?
rapid onset
1-3 hour duration
What are some side effects of ketamine?
respiratory depression/apnea possible
What is the dosage for dexmedetomidine?
0.005 - 0.01 mg/kg IM
What type of drug is dexmedetomidine?
Alpha-2 agonist
What effects does dexmedetomidine have?
sedative, increased BP, reflex bradycardia, and some analgesia
What is the rate of onset and duration of dexmedetomidine?
rapid onset
1-2 hour duration
What side effects does dexmedetomidine have?
cardio/respiratory depression possible
What is the dosage of buprenorphine?
0.02 mg/kg IM
What type of drug is buprenorphine?
partial mu agonist
What effects does buprenorphine have?
mild sedation and good anelgesia
What is the onset and duration of buprenorphine?
slow onset (30-60 minutes) 4-12 hour duration
What side effects does buprenorphine have?
dysphoria/hyperthermia possible
What is the dosage of propofol?
3 mg/kg IV
What type of drug is propofol?
isopropylphenol compound, GABA agonist, and NMDA antagonist
Does propofol have any analgesic effect?
no
What is the onset and duration of propofol?
rapid onset
5-10 minute duration
What side effects does propofol have?
vasodilation, decreased contactility, and apnea possible
What is the dosage of bupivacaine?
1.5 mg/kg SC line block
What type of drug is bupivacaine?
sodium channel blocker
Does bupivacaine have any analgesia?
yes, excellent analgesia
What is the rate of onset and duration of bupivacaine?
moderate onset
3-4 hour duration
What are the side effects of bupivacaine?
vasodilation and sedation with systemic administration
neuro signs at high doses
DO NOT GIVE IV
What is the dosage for meloxicam?
0.05 mg/kg PO
What type of drug is meloxicam?
NSAID, Cox-2 selective inhibitor
How does meloxicam reach analgesic affects?
analgesia via decreased inflammation
What is the rate of onset and duration of Meloxicam?
30-60 minute onset
duration 12-24 hours
What side effects does Meloxicam cause?
GI upset/ulceration, renal toxicity possible
What is the dosage for maropitant?
2 mg/kg PO
What type of drug is maropitant?
antiemetic, NK-1 antagonist inhibiting substance p
What is the rate of onset and duration of maropitant?
Onset in 30-60 minutes
duration is 24 hours
What side effects are associated with maropitant?
hypersalivation, diarrhea, and anorexia possible
With premedications, when will your patient usually reach a plane of general anesthesia?
in 3-10 minutes
What must you do to the arytenoids in cats prior to intubation?
desensitize them with topical lidocaine and then wait 1 minute for the drug to work
What will trauma to the trachea during intubation lead to?
spasm
Once your cat has been intubated, what are the next steps?
Hook up your patient to circuit (non-rebreathing) and administer oxygen
Secure the tube, check the inflate cuff and have the pulse-ox attached
When does the anesthesia sheet begin?
When the patient has been intubated
If your patient is not fully anesthetized post-premedication, what should you do?
place an IV catheter to administer propofol (use 1/3 of the dose) and then intubate
What is the preferred IV catheter size in cats?
22 gauge
What is the preferred vein for catheterization? If that doesn’t work, what is the next step?
Cephalic vein is preferred, medial saphenous is the next best
What is the limit of attempts of catheterization per leg?
2
What is the inhalant of choice for anesthesia?
isoflurane
What is the rate of onset for Isoflurane?
rapid onset and decline
What is the primary concern for Isoflurane?
Vasodilation - more gas = lower BP
What is the MAC in the cat and is it relevant?
MAC is 1.3%, not very relevant with heavy premed on board
Typically, what is the % iso required during surgery?
0.5-1.5% with 2-3% in brief periods if the patient is light
What should you do if there is excessive movement during surgery?
inject 1-2 mg/kg of propofol IV
What instruments are used for monitoring patients during surgery?
Doppler, esophageal stethoscope, ECG, pulse-ox, and temperature probe
What does the doppler measure?
systolic blood pressure
What are the different components/equipment of the doppler?
Cuff and sphygmomanometer, probe with piezoelectric crystals and sound amplifier, and ultrasound gel
What complications can happen during surgery?
laryngospasm, hypotension, hypothermia, bradycardia, hypersalivation, hypo/hyperventilation, aspiration, and violent recovery
