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Junior Surgery > Exam 1 - Canine Anesthesia > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Canine Anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

What is a number I on the ASA status scale?

A

Normal healthy patient

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2
Q

What is a number II on the ASA status scale?

A

Patient with mild systemic disease

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3
Q

What is a number III on the ASA status scale?

A

Patient with severe systemic disease

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4
Q

What is a number IV on the ASA status scale?

A

Patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life

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5
Q

What is a number V on the ASA status scale?

A

Patient with severe systemic disease that is not expected to survive

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6
Q

What are the premedications we use dogs?

A

Hydromorphone and dexmedetomidine

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7
Q

What type of drug is hydromorphone?

A

opiod, pure mu agonist

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8
Q

What effects does hydromorphone have?

A

potent analgesia/sedation/euphoria

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9
Q

What is the duration of hydromorphone?

A

2-4 hours duration

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10
Q

What side effects does hydromorphone have?

A

Respiratory depression, decreased heart rate, GI stasis/constipation, urinary retention, dysphoria, frequently causes vomiting and defecation post administration

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11
Q

Is hydromorphone reversible?

A

yes

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12
Q

Does hydromorphone have a direct effect on contractility or vascular tone (cardioprotective)?

A

no it has no direct effect

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13
Q

What type of drug is dexmedetomidine?

A

alpha 2 agonist

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14
Q

What are the initial effects of dexmedetomidine?

A

hypertension with reflex bradycardia

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15
Q

What are the later effects of dexmedetomidine?

A

hypotension with reflex bradycardia and vasodilation

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16
Q

What is the rate of onset and duration of action of dexmedetomidine?

A

Quick onset (2-10 minutes) and duration of action is 30-60 minutes

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17
Q

Does dexmedetomidine provide any analgesia?

A

yes, it provides some

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18
Q

How does dexmedetomidine affect urine production?

A

it causes increased urine production

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19
Q

Is dexmedetomidine reversible?

A

yes, with atipamezole

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20
Q

In order to prevent side effects, what should be done when you give dexmedetomidine?

A

reduce the dose or avoid in pediatrics

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21
Q

What is propofol used for?

A

it is an induction agent

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22
Q

What type of drug is propofol?

A

GABA agonist, NMDA antagonist

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23
Q

What is the duration of propofol?

A

5-10 minute duration

24
Q

What vascular effects does propofol have?

A

vasodilation

25
Q

What effects does propofol have on the heart?

A

decreased cardiac contractility thus decreased BP

26
Q

What is a possible side effect of propofol, especially if it is given too quickly?

A

apnea

27
Q

What dose should you titrate propofol at?

A

1 mg/kg increments

28
Q

What local blocks can be used in dogs?

A

lidocaine and bupivicaine

29
Q

Which local block should never be given IV?

A

bupivicaine

30
Q

What type of drug is lidocaine (MOA)?

A

sodium channel blocker

31
Q

What is the rate of onset and duration of lidocaine?

A

rapid onset, 1-2 hour duration

32
Q

When is lidocaine used in junior surgery?

A

It is used intratesticularly for castrations

33
Q

What type of drug is bupivicaine (MOA)?

A

Sodium channel blocker

34
Q

What is the rate of onset and duration of bupivicaine?

A

slower onset (20-30 minutes) and duration is longer (3-5 hours)

35
Q

What is bupivicaine used for in junior surgery?

A

incisional block for spays

36
Q

What is the ideal catheter size for a dog that is less than 7 kg?

A

22 gauge

37
Q

What is the ideal catheter size for a dog that is greater than 7 kg?

A

20 gauge

38
Q

Big dogs and big veins means that the vein is likely to do what?

A

roll

39
Q

What breeds have very challenging veins?

A

chondrodysplastic breeds

40
Q

When in doubt, what should you use during catheter placement for safety?

A

a muzzle

41
Q

What is the limit of attempts per leg in a dog?

A

2 attempts

42
Q

Why is the brachycephalic breed the anesthetists nightmare?

A

Airway obstruction is a risk pre and post-op
They are often chondrodysplastic so difficult veins
They have a hypoplastic trachea

43
Q

What are tips for managing a brachycephalic patient?

A

Pre-oxygenate prior to induction
Induce and intubate rapidly
Maintain ET tube as long as possible in recovery
Maintain IV catheter and have induction agent ready in recovery
Monitor SpO2 after extubation

44
Q

How long should a patients ET tube be cuffed?

A

until the patient is swallowing

45
Q

What are common reactions associated with rapid recoveries?

A

dysphoria, disorientation, and aggression

46
Q

How long should you maintain the catheter?

A

until the patient is awake and stable

47
Q

Does a dog or a cat typically have a longer recovery?

A

a dog

48
Q

What breeds are ‘risky’ breeds during anesthesia?

A

boxers, sight hounds, giant breeds, cavalier, older small breeds, and bulldogs

49
Q

Why are boxers risky breeds?

A

heart disease, airway compromise

50
Q

Why are sight hounds risky breeds?

A

slow drug metabolism, prolonged recovery

51
Q

Why are giant breeds risky breeds?

A

heart disease, middle aged, decreased drug dosage

52
Q

Why are cavaliers risky breeds?

A

heart disease

53
Q

Why are older small breeds risky breeds?

A

heart and lungs

54
Q

Why are bulldogs risky breeds?

A

everything about them

55
Q

What type of drug is ephedrine?

A

a sympathomimetic - stimulates the release of norepinephrine

56
Q

When is ephedrine used?

A

It is used in anesthesia to vasoconstrict and increase BP, however it may also increase HR and sympathetic tone
may see dysrhythmias

Junior Surgery (17 decks)

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