Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Exam 1 - Ch. 3 - Cell Structure and Function > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Ch. 3 - Cell Structure and Function Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 4 processes of life?

A

Growth
reproduction
Responsiveness
metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Features of Prokaryotes: (6)

A 
NO nucleus
No internal membrane-bound organelles
Circular DNA
Smaller
Simple structure
Composed of bacteria and archaea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Features of Eukaryotes:

A 
*Have Nucleus*
Have internal membrane-bound organelles
*linear DNA*
Larger
Complex structure
Algae, protozoa, fungi, animals, and plants.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is gelatinous, sticky substance surrounding the outside of bacterial cells?

A

glycocalyces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are glycocalyces composed of?

A

polysaccharide, polypeptides or both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What two types of glycocalyces are there?

A

Capsule or slime layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which type of glycocalyces is firmly attached to the cell surface?

A

capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which type of glycocalyces is loosely attached to the bacterial cell surface?

A

Slime layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why is a capsule good for the bacteria?

A

May prevent bacteria from being recognized by host.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why is a slime layer good for bacteria?

A

Sticky later allows Prokaryotes to attach to surfaces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does a bacterial cell wall do?

A

Provide structure and shape and protect cell from osmotic forces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the bacterial cell wall composed of?

A

peptidoglycan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the most common types of bacterial cell walls?

A

Gram (+) and Gram (-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What other thing does a bacterial cell wall do?

A

Give bacterial cells characteristic shapes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gram (+) bacterial cell walls appear what color upon staining?

A

purple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gram (+) bacterial cell walls have a relatively ______ layer of peptidoglycan.

A

thick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Gram (+) contain unique polyalcohols called what?

A

teichoic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Gram (-) bacterial cell walls have a ______ layer of peptidoglycan.

A

thin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What may be an impediment to the treatment of disease in Gram (-) bacteria?

A

The LPS (lipopolysaccharide) on the outside of the bilayer membrane.

20
Q

What does a Gram (-) contain outside of the peptidoglycan?

A

Bilayer membrane containing phospholipids, proteins and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

21
Q

Gram (-) appear what color following staining?

A

Red/magenta

22
Q

What are the passive processes for crossing the cytoplasmic membranes of bacterial cells?

A

Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
osmosis

23
Q

What are the active processes for crossing the cytoplasmic membranes of bacterial cells?

A

Active transport

Group translocation

24
Q

What is group translocation?

A

Substance chemically modified during transport.

25
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Movement of H2O across a semipermeable membrane (but not the salutes).

26
Q

What will an isotonic solution do to a cell WITHOUT a cell wall?

A

Stay the same

27
Q

What will a hypersonic solution do to a cell without a cell wall? Ex: animal cell

A

Shrink the cell

28
Q

What will a hypotonic solution do to a cell without a cell wall? Ex: animal cells

A

Expand and possibly explode

29
Q

Does a cell with a cell wall burst with a hypotonic solution?

A

no

30
Q

What are inclusions in the cytoplasm of bacteria?

A

Nutrients stored when in abundance to be used when nutrients are scarce. May include deposits of chemicals. “like a pantry”

31
Q

Unique structures produced by some bacteria that are a defensive strategy against unfavorable conditions.

A

Endospores

32
Q

Endospores are only produced by organisms _________ and _______.

A

Genus Bacillus and clostridium

33
Q

Prokaryotes ribosomes are ___.

A

70S

34
Q

Prokaryotes ribosomes are composed of 2 subunits.

A

30S and 50S

35
Q

Eukaryotic cytoplasmic membrane passive processes (3)

A

Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
osmosis

36
Q

Eukaryotic cytoplasmic active processes. (s)

A

Active transport
endocytosis
exocytosis

37
Q

Physical manipulation of cytoplasmic membrane around to take in stuff.

A

Endocytosis

38
Q

The cell forms what during endocytosis?

A

pseudopodia

39
Q

What are the two types of endocytosis?

A

phagocytosis

pinocytosis

40
Q

Solids imported into cell.

A

Phagocytosis

41
Q

Liquid imported into the cell.

A

Pinocytosis

42
Q

Substances are exported from the cell.

A

Exocytosis

43
Q

Ribosomes of Eukaryotes are ____.

A

80S

44
Q

Ribosomes of Eukaryotes are composed of 2 subunits.

A

60S and 40S

45
Q

Ribosomes of mitochondria and chloroplasts have ___ ribosomes.

A

70S

46
Q

Which ribosomes are larger? Eukaryotes or Prokaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes

Microbiology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions