Exam 1 Blue Print

Question 1

What are the laboratory findings of RA?

Answer 1

1. RA Factor
2. Positive RA Factor
3. ESR
4. CRP

Question 2

What are the signs and symptoms of RA:

Answer 2

Stiffness in the morning
Pain in small joints
Decreased mobility

Question 3

What does the joint deformity look like in RA?

Answer 3

Swan neck deformity

Question 4

What are features of Apoptosis?

Answer 4

1. Formation of cytoplasmic blebs
2. Lack of inflammation (cell decreases and dies)
3. Phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies

Question 5

How do antioxidants effect reactive oxygen species (ROS)?

Answer 5

Antioxidants inhibit actions of ROS, prevents breaking the cell down.

Question 6

List examples of maladaptive cell change:

Answer 6

Lung cancer/ cancer

Question 7

What are examples of secondary prevention?

Answer 7

Mammograms, papsmears, diet and exercise, low dose aspirin

Question 8

Define Pathophysiology:

Answer 8

The study of the body’s response to dysfunction of disease

Question 9

Define Prognosis:

Answer 9

The predicted outcome of disease (important to relay this info to the patient as their treatment goes along)

Question 10

What are the four areas of focus for HP2020?

Answer 10

1. Creating social and physical environments that promote health
2. Attaining quality of life – to live longer lives free of preventable disease
3. Achieve health equity
4. Promote quality of life

Question 11

How does the body assess that there is a fluid imbalance?

Answer 11

Thirst and hypovolemia

Question 12

What are the expected lab values of DI?

Answer 12

Low Na levels because Na is secreted when we urinate

Question 13

What is the etiology of insensible fluid loss?

Answer 13

Fluid loss that cant be measured (sweating in excess/ respiration)

Question 14

What is the effect of hyperventilation on the lungs?

Answer 14

Decrease in PaCO2 level - blowing off CO2 too much

Question 15

What is the priority nursing diagnosis for RA?

Answer 15

Alterations in comfort// client comfort in care plan

Question 16

What are the lab values of DI?

Answer 16

< 200 // Low urine osm

Question 17

What is the MOA of ADH?

Answer 17

Increased sodium and water retention by the kidneys

Question 18

List examples and conditions that lead to atrophy:

Answer 18

ALS (causes muscle atrophy over time)
CBS
SMA

Question 19

List examples of pathogenic hyperplasia:

Answer 19

HPV

Papilloma virus induced warts

Question 20

What is the pathophysiology of neonatal hemolytic disease?

Answer 20

Destruction of infants RBCs

Question 21

What is the parent teaching for neonatal hemolytic disease?

Answer 21

1. Prepare the parent for the many types of treatments and therapies for their baby
2. If jaundice is involved, prepare them for the possible treatment of phototherapy

Question 22

What are the mother/fetus blood type combinations that are most likely to lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn?

Answer 22

Mother - Rh neg.

Baby - Rh pos.

Question 23

What is the purpose of exchange transfusion?

Answer 23

To correct the newborn’s anemia

Question 24

Define indirect and direct Coomb’s Testing

Answer 24

Test is performed on babies Rh pos. whose mothers are Rh neg. after delivery to detect if there are any antibodies coating the babies RBCs

This is to be sure that the baby did not develop any antibodies in response to the Rh pos. mother

Question 25

List bleeding precautions:

Answer 25

1. Avoid using razors 2. Avoid needle sticks 3. Discontinue aspirin

Question 26

Lab findings for Leukemia:

Answer 26

32,000+ WBC count

Question 27

What is the clinical manifestations of Hodgkin's Disease?

Answer 27

Enlarged painless lymphnodes

Question 28

Teaching for Aplastic Anemia:

Answer 28

The body has stopped producing NEW RBCs as a result of condition where bone marrow is damaged. Damage can occur at birth or after cancer treatment

Question 29

S/S of Aplastic Anemia:

Answer 29

*Avoid exposure to other people with acute infection Fatigue Bleeding Frequent infections

Question 30

What is the etiology of Sickle Cell Disease:

Answer 30

Its inherited (gene has to be present in BOTH mother and father for baby to inherit it)

Question 31

What does the acronym FLACC stand for?

Answer 31

``` Face Legs Activity Crying Consolabilty ```

Question 32

When is FLACC used?

Answer 32

On infants, small children, and non verbal patients

Question 33

Define Somatic pain:

Answer 33

Pain that originates from the skin, muscles, and bones

Question 34

List the barriers to adequate treatment:

Answer 34

1. Age Bias 2. Apprehension to prescribing or taking opioids (concerns for abuse and addiction // restrictiveness of issuing opioids) 3. Busy hospital environment

Question 35

List the adjuvant pain meds:

Answer 35

Stool softeners taken with opiods Antidepressants NSAID

Question 36

What are the guidelines to assessing pain?

Answer 36

When the patient says there having pain

Question 37

What is an early S/S of hypoxia?

Answer 37

Tachnepnia (RR is increased) and restlessness

Question 38

S/S of epiglottitis

Answer 38

Dysphasia Drooling High fever Inspiratory strider (high pitch noise when breathing)

Question 39

Characteristics of flail chest:

Answer 39

Paradoxical chest movement

Question 40

Pathophysiology of of intrapulmonary shunting:

Answer 40

Unoxygenated blood is shunting from the right side of the heart to the left side of the heart and its not oxygenated (its not going through the correct pathway/ prematurely shut off/ bypassed)

Question 41

ABG results in a patient with acute respiratory failure:

Answer 41

PaCO2 is greater than 50 | PaCo2 is less than 50

Question 42

What is the oxygenation normal range:

Answer 42

80 - 100

Question 43

If oxygen is less than 80 what does it mean?

Answer 43

Hypoxemia

Question 44

What is the effect of hyperventilation on acid-base balance:

Answer 44

Decreased CO2 because they are blowing off Co2 as they are hyperventilating

Question 45

Assesment of fluid balance is through:

Answer 45

Intake and output

Question 46

Treatment of SIDAH is:

Answer 46

Fluid restriction

Question 47

ADH MOA:

Answer 47

Increasing sodium and water absorption in the kidneys

Question 48

Expected lab values in DI:

Answer 48

High serum osmolality / low urine osmolality