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Pathophysiology > Exam 1 Blue Print > Flashcards

Exam 1 Blue Print Flashcards

1
Q

What are the laboratory findings of RA?

A
  1. RA Factor
  2. Positive RA Factor
  3. ESR
  4. CRP
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2
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of RA:

A

Stiffness in the morning
Pain in small joints
Decreased mobility

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3
Q

What does the joint deformity look like in RA?

A

Swan neck deformity

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4
Q

What are features of Apoptosis?

A
  1. Formation of cytoplasmic blebs
  2. Lack of inflammation (cell decreases and dies)
  3. Phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies
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5
Q

How do antioxidants effect reactive oxygen species (ROS)?

A

Antioxidants inhibit actions of ROS, prevents breaking the cell down.

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6
Q

List examples of maladaptive cell change:

A

Lung cancer/ cancer

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7
Q

What are examples of secondary prevention?

A

Mammograms, papsmears, diet and exercise, low dose aspirin

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8
Q

Define Pathophysiology:

A

The study of the body’s response to dysfunction of disease

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9
Q

Define Prognosis:

A

The predicted outcome of disease (important to relay this info to the patient as their treatment goes along)

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10
Q

What are the four areas of focus for HP2020?

A
  1. Creating social and physical environments that promote health
  2. Attaining quality of life – to live longer lives free of preventable disease
  3. Achieve health equity
  4. Promote quality of life
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11
Q

How does the body assess that there is a fluid imbalance?

A

Thirst and hypovolemia

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12
Q

What are the expected lab values of DI?

A

Low Na levels because Na is secreted when we urinate

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13
Q

What is the etiology of insensible fluid loss?

A

Fluid loss that cant be measured (sweating in excess/ respiration)

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14
Q

What is the effect of hyperventilation on the lungs?

A

Decrease in PaCO2 level - blowing off CO2 too much

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15
Q

What is the priority nursing diagnosis for RA?

A

Alterations in comfort// client comfort in care plan

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16
Q

What are the lab values of DI?

A

< 200 // Low urine osm

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17
Q

What is the MOA of ADH?

A

Increased sodium and water retention by the kidneys

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18
Q

List examples and conditions that lead to atrophy:

A

ALS (causes muscle atrophy over time)
CBS
SMA

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19
Q

List examples of pathogenic hyperplasia:

A

HPV

Papilloma virus induced warts

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20
Q

What is the pathophysiology of neonatal hemolytic disease?

A

Destruction of infants RBCs

21
Q

What is the parent teaching for neonatal hemolytic disease?

A
  1. Prepare the parent for the many types of treatments and therapies for their baby
  2. If jaundice is involved, prepare them for the possible treatment of phototherapy
22
Q

What are the mother/fetus blood type combinations that are most likely to lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn?

A

Mother - Rh neg.

Baby - Rh pos.

23
Q

What is the purpose of exchange transfusion?

A

To correct the newborn’s anemia

24
Q

Define indirect and direct Coomb’s Testing

A

Test is performed on babies Rh pos. whose mothers are Rh neg. after delivery to detect if there are any antibodies coating the babies RBCs

This is to be sure that the baby did not develop any antibodies in response to the Rh pos. mother

25
Q

List bleeding precautions:

A
  1. Avoid using razors
  2. Avoid needle sticks
  3. Discontinue aspirin
26
Q

Lab findings for Leukemia:

A

32,000+ WBC count

27
Q

What is the clinical manifestations of Hodgkin’s Disease?

A

Enlarged painless lymphnodes

28
Q

Teaching for Aplastic Anemia:

A

The body has stopped producing NEW RBCs as a result of condition where bone marrow is damaged.
Damage can occur at birth or after cancer treatment

29
Q

S/S of Aplastic Anemia:

A

*Avoid exposure to other people with acute infection
Fatigue
Bleeding
Frequent infections

30
Q

What is the etiology of Sickle Cell Disease:

A

Its inherited (gene has to be present in BOTH mother and father for baby to inherit it)

31
Q

What does the acronym FLACC stand for?

A 
Face
Legs
Activity 
Crying
Consolabilty
32
Q

When is FLACC used?

A

On infants, small children, and non verbal patients

33
Q

Define Somatic pain:

A

Pain that originates from the skin, muscles, and bones

34
Q

List the barriers to adequate treatment:

A
  1. Age Bias
  2. Apprehension to prescribing or taking opioids (concerns for abuse and addiction // restrictiveness of issuing opioids)
  3. Busy hospital environment
35
Q

List the adjuvant pain meds:

A

Stool softeners taken with opiods
Antidepressants
NSAID

36
Q

What are the guidelines to assessing pain?

A

When the patient says there having pain

37
Q

What is an early S/S of hypoxia?

A

Tachnepnia (RR is increased) and restlessness

38
Q

S/S of epiglottitis

A

Dysphasia
Drooling
High fever
Inspiratory strider (high pitch noise when breathing)

39
Q

Characteristics of flail chest:

A

Paradoxical chest movement

40
Q

Pathophysiology of of intrapulmonary shunting:

A

Unoxygenated blood is shunting from the right side of the heart to the left side of the heart and its not oxygenated (its not going through the correct pathway/ prematurely shut off/ bypassed)

41
Q

ABG results in a patient with acute respiratory failure:

A

PaCO2 is greater than 50

PaCo2 is less than 50

42
Q

What is the oxygenation normal range:

A

80 - 100

43
Q

If oxygen is less than 80 what does it mean?

A

Hypoxemia

44
Q

What is the effect of hyperventilation on acid-base balance:

A

Decreased CO2 because they are blowing off Co2 as they are hyperventilating

45
Q

Assesment of fluid balance is through:

A

Intake and output

46
Q

Treatment of SIDAH is:

A

Fluid restriction

47
Q

ADH MOA:

A

Increasing sodium and water absorption in the kidneys

48
Q

Expected lab values in DI:

A

High serum osmolality / low urine osmolality

Pathophysiology (28 decks)

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