Exam 1

Question 1

During platelet plug formation, platelets release_________ and endothelial cells release_________, which lead to vasoconstriction.
Select one:
a. thromboxane; histamine
b. thromboxane; endothelin
c. histamine; heparin
d. erythropoietin; thromboxane
e. endothelin; thromboxane

Answer 1

b. thromboxane; endothelin

Question 2

The function of plasmin is to
Select one:
a. promote platelet plug formation.
b. control osmotic pressure of the blood.
c. activate factor XII.
d. promote the formation of plasma.
e. hydrolyze fibrin.

Answer 2

e. hydrolyze fibrin.

Question 3

An increase in hemoglobin increases
Select one:
a. the body’s immune response.
b. the leukocyte count.
c. the ability of the blood to carry O2 to various tissues.
d. the osmotic pressure of the blood.
e. the quantity of plasma protein available for blood clotting.

Answer 3

c. the ability of the blood to carry O2 to various tissues.

Question 4

Arrange the following events of coagulation in proper sequence.

(1) Prothrombin → thrombin
(2) Fibrinogen → fibrin
(3) Activation of factor XII
(4) Formation of prothrombinase

Select one:
a. 1, 2, 3, 4
b. 4, 3, 1, 2
c. 2, 4, 3, 1
d. 3, 2, 4, 1
e. 3, 4, 1, 2

Answer 4

e. 3, 4, 1, 2

Question 5

Which of the following events is one of the three main stages of coagulation?
Select one:
a. Calcium release
b. Platelet plug formation
c. Platelet aggregation
d. Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
e. Conversion of thrombin to prothrombin

Answer 5

d. Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 6

Which of the following is mismatched?
Select one:
a. Hematocrit – percentage of total blood volume composed of RBCs
b. Complete blood count – includes RBC and WBC counts
c. Blood crossmatch – donor and recipient blood cells are mixed together
d. Blood typing – determines ABO and Rh blood groups of a blood sample
e. Differential count – determines the percent of each kind of leukocyte in the blood

Answer 6

c. Blood crossmatch – donor and recipient blood cells are mixed together

Question 7

Ginger had her blood analyzed and was informed that both anti-B and anti-D antibodies were present. Which of the following statements accurately explains her test results?
Select one:
a. Ginger has type A− blood, but has never been exposed to either the B nor D antigens.
b. Ginger has type A− blood and has been exposed to the D antigen at some time in her life.
c. Ginger is type B+ and has not been exposed to the B nor the D antigens.
d. Ginger is most likely O− and though she has been exposed to the B and D antigen, she has not been exposed to the A antigen.

Answer 7

b. Ginger has type A− blood and has been exposed to the D antigen at some time in her life.

Question 8

Blood is a type of_________tissue.
Select one:
a. connective
b. areolar
c. glandular
d. epithelial

Answer 8

a. connective

Question 9

f cardiac muscle cells are unable to repolarize, this would cause
Select one:
a. tachycardia.
b. cardiac output to increase.
c. no harm. These cells can spontaneously depolarize anyway.
d. the heart rate to decrease. It might cause cardiac arrest.
e. an increased demand on mitochondria to produce more ATP.

Answer 9

d. the heart rate to decrease. It might cause cardiac arrest.

Question 10

During hemorrhagic shock in which blood pressure is decreased, which of the regulatory mechanisms is most important is increasing cardiac output to help maintain blood pressure?
Select one:
a. Increase in parasympathetic stimulation of the heart
b. Increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart
c. Increase in the amplitude of the heart sounds
d. Increase venous return
e. Increase vagal stimulation of the heart

Answer 10

b. Increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart

Question 11

In a normal electrocardiogram, the
Select one:
a. P wave results from repolarization of the atria.
b. P wave occurs after the QRS complex but before the T wave.
c. QRS complex results from ventricular depolarization.
d. T wave represents depolarization of the atria.
e. repolarization of the atria is clearly visible.

Answer 11

c. QRS complex results from ventricular depolarization.

Question 12

The procedure whereby a small balloon is placed into a partially occluded coronary artery and then inflated to increase blood flow through the artery is called a/an_________.
Select one:
a. angiogram
b. coronary bypass
c. urokinase injection
d. tissue plasminogen activation
e. angioplasty

Answer 12

e. angioplasty

Question 13

The P wave of an electrocardiogram indicates
Select one:
a. atrial depolarization.
b. ventricular repolarization.
c. ventricular depolarization.
d. threshold.
e. atrial repolarization

Answer 13

a. atrial depolarization.

Question 14

The “pacemaker” of the heart is the
Select one:
a. right bundle branch.
b. PM node.
c. SA node.
d. left bundle branch.
e. AV node.

Answer 14

c. SA node.

Question 15

Chemoreceptors sensitive to blood carbon dioxide levels are primarily located in the
Select one:
a. left ventricle.
b. medulla oblongata.
c. right atrium.
d. jugular veins.
e. carotid arteries.

Answer 15

b. medulla oblongata.

Question 16

The great cardiac vein and middle cardiac vein empty into a venous cavity called the
Select one:
a. superior vena cava.
b. pulmonary vein.
c. coronary artery.
d. inferior vena cava.
e. coronary sinus.

Answer 16

e. coronary sinus.

Question 17

Oxygen-poor blood passes through the _________.
Select one:
a. right AV (tricuspid) and pulmonary valves
b. right AV (tricuspid) valve only
c. left AV (mitral) and aortic valves
d. left AV (mitral) valve only
e. pulmonary and aortic valves

Answer 17

a. right AV (tricuspid) and pulmonary valves

Question 18

Sympathetic nerve fibers that innervate blood vessel walls are found primarily in the_________.
Select one:
a. tunica externa
b. tunica intima
c. tunica interna
d. tunica media
e. tunica adventitia

Answer 18

d. tunica media

Question 19

A vein responsible for draining blood from the upper limb is the_________ vein.
Select one:
a. portal
b. cephalic
c. peroneal
d. common iliac
e. azygos

Answer 19

b. cephalic

Question 20

Art, 75 years old, has advanced arteriosclerosis and is suffering from a number of manifestations associated with arteriosclerosis. Over the past several years he has developed hypertension and he is beginning to show signs of renal failure. Which of the following are consistent with his condition?
Select one:
a. Increased aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex
b. Increased angiotensinogen formation
c. Increased renin secretion from the kidneys
d. All of the choices are correct.
e. Increased resistance to blood flow

Answer 20

d. All of the choices are correct.

Question 21

Which of the following best describes the relationship between pulse pressure, aging, and compliance?
Select one:
a. With increasing age, compliance decreases and pulse pressure increases.
b. With increasing age, compliance decreases and pulse pressure is unaffected.
c. With increasing age, compliance increases and pulse pressure increases.
d. With increasing age, compliance decreases and pulse pressure decreases.

Answer 21

a. With increasing age, compliance decreases and pulse pressure increases.

Question 22

The greatest resistance to blood flow and therefore the greatest drop in pressure occurs as blood passes through the_________.
Select one:
a. venules
b. large arteries
c. large veins
d. arterioles

Answer 22

d. arterioles

Question 23

Resistance to blood flow is greatest in_________.
Select one:
a. venules
b. arterioles
c. veins
d. arteries
e. capillaries

Answer 23

b. arterioles

Question 24

If someone has a blood pressure reading of 110/70 mm Hg, their pulse pressure would be_________ mm Hg.
Select one:
a. 110
b. 70
c. 90
d. 180
e. 40

Answer 24

e. 40

Question 25

Hormones from the adrenal medulla
Select one:
a. are released in response to vagal stimulation.
b. cause vasodilation in blood vessels of the skin.
c. decrease the heart rate.
d. cause an increase in stroke volume.
e. are released in response to parasympathetic stimulation.

Answer 25

d. cause an increase in stroke volume.

Question 26

When oxygen binds with hemoglobin, the molecule is called ______

Answer 26

oxyhemoglobin

Question 27

Match the function with the most appropriate category.

The last stage of hemostasis

A. Agglutination
B. Coagulation
C. Immune function
D. Blood Grouping
E. Diagnostic Blood Test

Answer 27

Coagulation

Question 28

Match the component of blood plasma with the appropriate description.

Water

A. The suspending medium for blood components
B. The most abundant plasma protein
C. A protein that functions in clotting
D. A plasma protein that is involved in immunity
E. Involved in osmosis, membrane potentials, and acid-base balance

Answer 28

A. The suspending medium for blood components

Question 29

An immature erythrocyte is called a _______

Answer 29

reticulocyte

Question 30

Read the two statements and use the following key to choose the best answer.

(1) The affinity of adult hemoglobin for oxygen
(2) The affinity of fetal hemoglobin for oxygen

A. The first item is greater than the second item.
B. The first item is less than the second item.
C. The first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item.

Answer 30

The first item is less than the second item.

Question 31

Match the function with the most appropriate category.

A antigens and anti-B antibodies

A. Agglutination
B. Coagulation
C. Immune function
D. Blood Grouping
E. Diagnostic Blood Test

Answer 31

D. Blood Grouping

Question 32

True or False? The number of erythrocytes in a milliliter sample of blood is the same as the number of leukocytes in a milliliter sample of blood.

Select one:
True
False

Answer 32

False

Question 33

Match the function with the most appropriate category.

A. Agglutination
B. Coagulation
C. Immune function
D. Blood Grouping
E. Diagnostic Blood Test

Making a differential WBC count

Answer 33

E. Diagnostic Blood Test

Question 34

Match the substance necessary for clotting with its particular role.

Vitamin K

A. A mixture of lipoproteins released from injured tissue
B. Converts prothrombin to thrombin
C. The insoluble protein that forms the network of the clot
D. Needed by the liver to produce prothrombin
E. Fibrin-stabilizing factor

Answer 34

D. Needed by the liver to produce prothrombin

Question 35

Match the function with the most appropriate category.

A. Agglutination
B. Coagulation
C. Immune function
D. Blood Grouping
E. Diagnostic Blood Test

Exposure to antigens leads to development of antibodies

Answer 35

C. Immune function

Question 36

Blood flow through the coronary blood vessels decreases during myocardial contraction and increases during myocardial relaxation.

Select one:
True
False

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Match the vessel with the appropriate description.

Popliteal artery

A. Supplies blood to the pelvic area
B. Formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta
C. The continuation of the femoral artery
D. Extends from the common iliac artery to the thigh
E. Continuation of the external iliac artery into the thigh

Answer 37

The continuation of the femoral artery

Question 38

Match the term with the appropriate description.

Arteriosclerosis

A. A bulge (a weak spot) in the artery wall
B. Degenerative changes in arteries
C. An overstretching of the veins of the lower extremities
D. Inflammation of the veins
E. Small vessels that supply nutrients to large arteries

Answer 38

B. Degenerative changes in arteries

Question 39

The _______ arteries branch from the ascending aorta.

Answer 39

coronary

Question 40

In the following sequence, fill in the missing blood vessel.

Abdominal aorta; ________; splenic artery

Answer 40

celiac artery

Question 41

Match the term with the appropriate description.

Vasa vasorum

A. A bulge (a weak spot) in the artery wall
B. Degenerative changes in arteries
C. An overstretching of the veins of the lower extremities
D. Inflammation of the veins
E. Small vessels that supply nutrients to large arteries

Answer 41

E. Small vessels that supply nutrients to large arteries

Question 42

For the following, match the term with the best description.

Korotkoff sounds

A. A characteristic of aging arteries
B. Produced by turbulent blood flow
C. Blood flow is directly proportional to pressure differences and inversely proportional to resistance
D. As pressure in a vessel decreases, the force holding it open decreases, and the vessel tends to collapse
E. A characteristic of the venous system

Answer 42

B. Produced by turbulent blood flow

Question 43

For the following, match the term with the best description.

Poiseuille’s law

A. A characteristic of aging arteries
B. Produced by turbulent blood flow
C. Blood flow is directly proportional to pressure differences and inversely proportional to resistance
D. As pressure in a vessel decreases, the force holding it open decreases, and the vessel tends to collapse
E. A characteristic of the venous system

Answer 43

C. Blood flow is directly proportional to pressure differences and inversely proportional to resistance

Question 44

Match the term with the appropriate description.

Varicose veins

A. A bulge (a weak spot) in the artery wall
B. Degenerative changes in arteries
C. An overstretching of the veins of the lower extremities
D. Inflammation of the veins
E. Small vessels that supply nutrients to large arteries

Answer 44

C. An overstretching of the veins of the lower extremities

Question 45

Match the vessel with the appropriate description.

Posterior cerebral artery

A. Supplies blood to the frontal lobes of the brain
B. A circle of arteries at the base of the brain
C. Supplies large portions of the lateral cerebral cortex
D. Supplies the posterior portion of the cerebrum
E. Formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta

Answer 45

D. Supplies the posterior portion of the cerebrum