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AP II > Chapter 27 > Flashcards

Chapter 27 Flashcards

1
Q

The sensation of thirst increases when

the levels of angiotensin II increase.
the osmolality of the blood decreases.
blood pressure increases.
renin secretion decreases.

A

the levels of angiotensin II increase.

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2
Q

Insensible perspiration
is lost through sweat glands.
results in heat loss from the body.
increases when ADH secretion increases.
results in the loss of solutes, such as Na+ and Cl−.

A

results in heat loss from the body.

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3
Q

The composition and volume of body fluids are regulated primarily by the
skin.
lungs.
kidneys.
heart.
spleen.

A

kidneys.

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4
Q

Which of these results in an increased blood Na+ concentration?
decrease in ADH secretion
decrease in aldosterone secretion
increase in ANH
decrease in renin secretion

A

decrease in ADH secretion

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5
Q

Which of these mechanisms is the most important for regulating blood osmolality?
ADH
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
ANH
PTH

A

ADH

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6
Q

A decrease in extracellular K+
produces depolarization of the plasma membrane.
results when aldosterone levels increase.
occurs when tissues are damaged (e.g., in burn patients).
increases ANH secretion.
increases PTH secretion.

A

results when aldosterone levels increase.

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7
Q

Calcium ion concentration in the blood decreases when
vitamin D levels are lower than normal.
calcitonin secretion decreases.
PTH secretion increases.
All of these are correct.
Answer

A

vitamin D levels are lower than normal.

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8
Q

Which of these conditions decreases extracellular fluid volume?
constriction of afferent arterioles
increased ADH secretion
decreased ANH secretion
decreased aldosterone secretion
stimulation of sympathetic nerves to the kidneys

A

decreased aldosterone secretion

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9
Q

An acid
is a solution that has a pH greater than 7.
is a substance that releases H+ into a solution.
is considered weak if it completely dissociates in water.
All of these are correct.

A

is a substance that releases H+ into a solution.

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10
Q

Buffers
release H+ when pH increases.
resist changes in the pH of a solution.
include the proteins of the blood.
All of these are correct.

A

All of these are correct.

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11
Q

An increase in blood CO2 levels is followed by a(n) ______ in H+ and a(n) ______ in blood pH.
increase, increase
increase, decrease
decrease, increase
decrease, decrease

A

increase, decrease

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12
Q

High levels of bicarbonate ions in the urine indicate
a low level of H+ secretion into the urine.
that the kidneys are causing blood pH to increase.
that urine pH is decreasing.
All of these are correct.

A

a low level of H+ secretion into the urine.

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13
Q

High levels of ammonium ions in the urine indicate
a high level of H+ secretion into the urine.
that the kidneys are causing blood pH to decrease.
that urine pH is too basic.
All of these are correct.

A

a high level of H+ secretion into the urine.

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14
Q

Blood plasma pH is normally
slightly acidic.
strongly acidic.
slightly basic.
strongly basic.
neutral.

A

slightly basic.(alkaline)

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15
Q

Acidosis
increases neuron excitability.
can produce tetany by affecting the peripheral nervous system.
may lead to coma.
may produce convulsions through the central nervous system.

A

may lead to coma.

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16
Q

Respiratory alkalosis is caused by _______ and can be compensated for by the production of a more _______ urine.
hypoventilation, basic
hypoventilation, acidic
hyperventilation, acidic
hyperventilation, basic

A

hyperventilation, basic

17
Q

Harry ate a late meal at a cheap diner on the way home from work. A couple of hours later, he vomited three times, and then he con-sumed several packages of an antacid (mostly NaHCO3) over the next several hours. By the evening of the next day, he was feeling better. During this ordeal, his blood pH did not deviate significantly. Select the mechanism(s) that helped maintain Harry’s pH within a normal range.
(1) increased respiratory rate
(2) increased H+ secretion by the renal tubule
(3) decreased respiratory rate
(4) decreased H+ secretion by the renal tubule
1
2
1,2
3
3,4

A

3,4
(3) decreased respiratory rate
(4) decreased H+ secretion by the renal tubule

18
Q

Select which of the following are major electrolytes.

Choose the correct option and select Submit. To check your answers, select Show Me. To move on to the next question, select the Forward arrow below.

Iron ions
Calcium ions
Chloride ions

A

Calcium ions
Chloride ions

19
Q

Select which of the following are major electrolytes.

Choose the correct option and select Submit. To check your answers, select Show Me. To move on to the next question, select the Forward arrow below.

Phosphate ions
Hydroxyl ions
Fluoride ions
Sodium ions

A

Phosphate ions
Sodium ions

20
Q

Select which of the following are major electrolytes.

Choose the correct options and select Submit.

Magnesium ions
Hydrogen ions
Sodium ions
Anaerobic

A

Magnesium ions
Hydrogen ions
Sodium ions

21
Q

The fluid inside of the cell’s plasma membrane.

A

intracellular fluid

22
Q

The fluid outside of the cell’s plasma membrane.

A

extracellular fluid

23
Q

Water produced as a by-product of respiration and dehydration.

A

metabolic water

24
Q

Water ingested from food and beverages.

A

preformed water

25
Q

The pressure of a solution that prevents water from crossing a selectively permeable membrane.

A

osmotic pressure

26
Q

The capillaries at the beginning of each nephron.

A

glomerulus

27
Q

A tube of the kidney.

A

renal tubule

28
Q

The osmotic concentration of a substance.

A

osmolarity

29
Q

A salt that iodizes in water to create and electrically charged ion.

A

electrolyte

30
Q

A chemical particle with a positive or negative charge.

A

ion

31
Q

A steroid hormone that helps potassium exchange for sodium in the renal tubule.

A

aldosterone

32
Q

A scale that shows the hydrogen ion levels in a substance to determine if it is neutral, an acid, or a base.

A

pH scale

AP II (16 decks)

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