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AP II > Chapter 24 > Flashcards

Chapter 24 Flashcards

1
Q

absorbs water and electrolytes from food

A

large intestine

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2
Q

regulates waste elimination

A

rectum

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3
Q

breaks down food, using saliva to begin digestion

A

mouth

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4
Q

sends food to stomach

A

esophagus

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5
Q

mixes food with bile and pancreatic fluid

A

small intestine

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6
Q

connects the mouth with esophagus

A

pharynx

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7
Q

secretes acid and enzymes

A

stomach

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8
Q

eliminates waste from the body

A

anus

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9
Q

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for breaking down proteins or partially digested proteins into peptides?

Gastric enzyme
Pancreatic Enzyme
Intestinal Enzyme
Salivary Enzyme

A

pancreatic enzyme

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10
Q

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for beginning the digestion process for proteins and butterfats?

Gastric Enzyme
intestinal enzyme
pancreatic enzyme
salivary enzyme

A

gastric enzyme

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11
Q

Which two enzymes are responsible for breaking down fats into fatty acids? (Select the two correct options.)

Salivary enzyme
Intestinal enzyme
gastric enzyme
pancreatic enzyme

A

Intestinal, Pancreatic enzyme

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12
Q

Which two enzymes are responsible for breaking down starches and glycogen to disaccharides? (Select the two correct options.)

Choose the correct options and select Submit.

Pancreatic enzyme
Gastric enzyme
Intestinal enzyme
Salivary enzyme

A

pancreatic enzyme
salivary enzyme

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13
Q

Which of the following is responsible for shortening trypsinogen into trypsin?

Choose the correct option and select Submit.

Intestinal enzyme

Gastric enzyme

Pancreatic enzyme

Salivary enzyme

A

intestinal enzyme

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14
Q

Which two enzymes are responsible for breaking down peptides into amino acids? (Select the two correct options.)

Choose the correct options and select Submit.

Gastric enzyme
Pancreatic enzyme
Intestinal enzyme
Salivary enzyme

A

pancreatic enzyme
intestinal enzyme

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15
Q

The introduction of solid or liquid food into the stomach.

A

ingestion

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16
Q

The process of taking food into the mouth and chewing it.

A

mastication

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17
Q

The movement of food from one end of the digestive tract to the other.

A

propulsion

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18
Q

The process by which food is churned within the digestive tracts and mixed with digestive secretions.

A

mixing

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19
Q

The processes of releasing fluids to lubricate, liquefy, and digest food.

A

secretion

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20
Q

The process that breaks down large organic molecules of food into their component parts.

A

digestion

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21
Q

The movement of molecules into the circulatory system.

A

absorption

22
Q

The system composed of the heart, the blood vessels, and the blood.

A

circulatory system

23
Q

The process by which waste products are removed from the body; defecation and urination.

A

elimination

24
Q

A muscular passage in the throat between the mouth and esophagus.

A

pharynx

25
Q

The tubular portion of the digestive tract that leads from the pharynx to the stomach.

A

esophagus

26
Q

A protein catalyst that increases the rate at which a chemical reaction occurs; the enzyme remains unchanged during these reactions

A

enzyme

27
Q

Which layer of the digestive tract is in direct contact with the food that is consumed?
mucosa
muscularis
serosa
submucosa

A

Mucosa

28
Q

The ENS is found in
the submucosa layer.
the muscularis layer.
the serosa layer.
Both a and b are correct.
All of these are correct.

A

Both a and b
Submucosa and muscularis

29
Q

Dentin
forms the surface of the crown of the teeth.
holds the teeth to the periodontal ligaments.
is found in the pulp cavity.
makes up most of the structure of the teeth.
is harder than enamel.

A

makes up most of the structure of the teeth.

30
Q

The number of premolar deciduous teeth is
0.
2.
4.
8.
12

A

0

31
Q

Which of these glands does not secrete saliva into the oral cavity?
submandibular gland
pancreas
sublingual gland
parotid gland

A

pancreas

32
Q

The portion of the digestive tract in which digestion begins is the
oral cavity.
esophagus.
stomach.
duodenum.
jejunum.

A

oral cavity

33
Q

During swallowing
the movement of food results primarily from gravity.
the swallowing center in the medulla oblongata is activated.
food is pushed into the oropharynx during the pharyngeal phase.
the soft palate closes off the opening into the larynx.

A

the swallowing center in the medulla oblongata is activated.

34
Q

The stomach
has large folds in the submucosa and mucosa called rugae.
has two layers of smooth muscle in the muscularis tunic.
opening from the esophagus is the pyloric opening.
has an area closest to the duodenum called the fundus.
All of these are correct.

A

has large folds in the submucosa and mucosa called rugae.

35
Q

Which of these stomach cell types is not correctly matched with its function?
surface mucous cells—produce mucus
parietal cells—produce hydrochloric acid
chief cells—produce intrinsic factor
endocrine cells—produce regulatory hormones

A

chief cells—produce intrinsic factor

they actually produce pepsinogen

36
Q

Why doesn’t the stomach digest itself?
The stomach wall is not composed of protein, so it is not affected by proteolytic enzymes.
The digestive enzymes of the stomach are not strong enough to digest the stomach wall.
The lining of the stomach wall has a protective layer of epithelial cells.
The stomach wall is protected by large amounts of mucus.

A

The stomach wall is protected by large amounts of mucus.

37
Q

Which of these hormones stimulates stomach secretions?
cholecystokinin
insulin
gastrin
secretin

A

gastrin

38
Q

Which of these structures increase the mucosal surface of the small intestine?
circular folds
villi
microvilli
length of the small intestine
All of these are correct.

A

All of these are correct.

39
Q

Which cells in the small intestine have digestive enzymes attached to their surfaces?
mucous cells
goblet cells
endocrine cells
absorptive cells

A

absorptive cells

40
Q

The hepatic sinusoids
receive blood from the hepatic artery.
receive blood from the hepatic portal vein.
empty into the central veins.
All of these are correct.

A

All of these are correct.

41
Q

Which of the following might occur if a person suffers from a severe case of hepatitis that impairs liver function?
Lipid digestion is difficult.
By-products of hemoglobin breakdown accumulate in the blood.
Plasma proteins decrease in concentration.
Toxins in the blood increase.
All of these occur.

A

All of these occur.

42
Q

The gallbladder
produces bile.
stores bile.
contracts and releases bile in response to secretin.
contracts and releases bile in response to sympathetic stimulation.
Both b and c are correct.

A

stores bile.

43
Q

The aqueous pancreatic juice
is secreted by the pancreatic islets.
contains HCO3−.
is released primarily in response to cholecystokinin.
passes directly into the blood.
All of these are correct.

A

E

??

44
Q

Which of these is not a function of the large intestine?
absorption of glucose
absorption of certain vitamins
absorption of water and salts
production of mucus

A

absorption of glucose

45
Q

Defecation
can be initiated by stretch of the rectum.
can occur as a result of mass movements.
involves local reflexes.
involves parasympathetic reflexes mediated by the spinal cord.
All of these characteristics are true of defecation.

A

All of these characteristics are true of defecation.

46
Q

Which of these structures produces enzymes that digest carbohydrates?
salivary glands
pancreas
lining of the small intestine
Both a and b are correct.
All of these are correct.

A

All of these are correct.

47
Q

Bile
is an important enzyme for the digestion of lipids.
is made by the gallbladder.
contains breakdown products from hemoglobin.
emulsifies lipids.
Both c and d are correct.

A

Both c and d are correct.

48
Q

Micelles are
lipids surrounded by bile salts.
produced by the pancreas.
released into lacteals.
stored in the gallbladder.
reabsorbed in the colon.

A

lipids surrounded by bile salts.

49
Q

If the thoracic duct were tied off, which of these classes of nutrients would not enter the blood at their normal rate?
amino acids
glucose
lipids
fructose
nucleotides

A

lipids

50
Q

Which of these lipoprotein molecules transports excess lipids from cells back to the liver?
high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)

A

high-density lipoprotein (HDL)

AP II (16 decks)

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