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AP II > Chapter 25 > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of these statements concerning kilocalories is true?
A kilocalorie is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1°C.
There are 9 kcal in a gram of protein.
There are 4 kcal in a gram of lipids.
A pound of body fat contains 3500 kcal.

A

A pound of body fat contains 3500 kcal.

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2
Q

What type of nutrient is recommended as the primary energy source in the diet?
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
cellulose

A

carbohydrates

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3
Q

A source of monounsaturated fats is
fat associated with meat.
egg yolks.
whole milk.
fish oil.
olive oil.

A

olive oil

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4
Q

A complete protein food
provides the daily amount (grams) of protein recommended for a healthful diet.
can be used to synthesize the nonessential amino acids.
contains all 20 amino acids.
includes beans, peas, and leafy green vegetables.

A

can be used to synthesize the nonessential amino acids.

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5
Q

Concerning vitamins,
most can be synthesized by the body.
they are normally broken down before they can be used by the body.
A, D, E, and K are water-soluble vitamins.
many function as coenzymes.

A

many function as coenzymes.

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6
Q

Minerals
are inorganic nutrients.
compose about 4–5% of total body weight.
act as buffers and osmotic regulators.
are components of enzymes.
All of these are correct.

A

All of these are correct.

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7
Q

Glycolysis
is the breakdown of glucose to two pyruvate molecules.
requires the input of two ATP molecules.
produces two NADH molecules.
does not require O2.
All of these are correct.

A

All of these are correct.

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8
Q

Anaerobic glycolysis ________ O2 and produces ________ energy (ATP) for the cell than aerobic respiration.
does not require, more
does not require, less
requires, more
requires, less

A

does not require, less

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9
Q

The molecule that moves electrons from the citric acid cycle to the electron-transport chain is
tRNA.
mRNA.
ADP.
NADH.
pyruvic acid.

A

NADH.

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10
Q

The CO2 you breathe out comes from
glycolysis.
the electron-transport chain.
anaerobic glycolysis.
the food you eat.

A

the food you eat.

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11
Q

Lipids are
stored primarily as triglycerides.
synthesized by beta-oxidation.
broken down by oxidative deamination.
All of these are correct.

A

stored primarily as triglycerides.

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12
Q

Amino acids
are classified as essential or nonessential.
can be synthesized in a transamination reaction.
can be used as a source of energy.
can be converted to keto acids.
All of these are correct.

A

All of these are correct.

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13
Q

Ammonia is
a by-product of lipid metabolism.
formed during ketogenesis.
converted into urea in the liver.
produced during lipogenesis.
converted to keto acids.

A

converted into urea in the liver.

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14
Q

The conversion of amino acids and glycerol into glucose is called
gluconeogenesis.
glycogenesis.
glycogenolysis.
ketogenesis.

A

gluconeogenesis.

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15
Q

Which of these events takes place during the absorptive state?
Glycogen is converted into glucose.
Glucose is converted into lipids.
Ketones are produced.
Proteins are converted into glucose.

A

Ketones are produced.

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16
Q

Loss of heat resulting from loss of water from the body’s surface is
radiation.
conduction.
evaporation.
convection.

A

evaporation.

17
Q

Patient loses 25% of his or her original body weight in a short time period.

A

anorexia nervosa

18
Q

Patient has decayed teeth and scratched hands.

A

bulimia

19
Q

Belly protrudes.

A

kwashiorkor

20
Q

Poor nutrition that results from a lack of essential nutrients or a failure to utilize them.

A

malnutrition

21
Q

Lack of nutrients that causes someone to resemble a living skeleton.

A

marasmus

22
Q

The body begins to digest itself to survive.

A

starvation

23
Q

A measurement of the energy in food; the amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius

A

Calorie

24
Q

A chemical ingested into the body that aids in energy production.

A

Nutrient

25
Q

The study of the reactions of nutrients in the body.

A

Nutrition

26
Q

A measurement of the energy in food equal to 1,000 calories.

A

Kilocalorie

27
Q

An organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes sugars and starches.

A

carbohydrate

28
Q

An organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes fats and fatty acids.

A

Lipid

29
Q

An inorganic nutrient necessary for metabolic functions.

A

Mineral

30
Q

A compound composed of strings of amino acids; includes animal products and beans.

A

Protein

31
Q

A small organic nutrient present in foods that is oxidized for energy.

A

Vitamin

32
Q

A substance that limits oxidation.

A

Antioxidant

33
Q

The sum of all chemical reactions in the body that release energy.

A

Metabolism

34
Q

Energy-requiring synthesis reactions.

A

Anabolism

AP II (16 decks)

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