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AP II > Chapter 26 > Flashcards

Chapter 26 Flashcards

1
Q

Choose the correct path of travel of urine.

Choose the correct option and select Submit.

kidney, urethra, bladder, ureter

kidney, ureter, urethra, bladder

kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra

kidney, bladder, ureter, urethra

A

kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra

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2
Q

It is important to recover the water from the filtrate that will become urine because

Choose the correct option and select Submit.

concentrated urine takes up less volume in the bladder.

that water is used to cool the body.

otherwise the urine would be too dilute.

the water is used to maintain the blood volume.

A

the water is used to maintain the blood volume.

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3
Q

During the formation of urine,

Choose the correct option and select Submit.

nutrients are secreted into the filtrate while wastes are removed from the filtrate.

the filtrate picks up more material from the blood.

nutrients are removed from the filtrate while wastes secreted into the filtrate.

water is added to the filtrate.

A

nutrients are removed from the filtrate while wastes secreted into the filtrate.

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4
Q

The organ system that regulates the body’s water and controls waste.

A

urinary system

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5
Q

A red blood cell.

A

erythrocyte

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6
Q

The tube that transports urine from the kidney to the bladder.

A

ureter

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7
Q

The tube leading from the bladder to the outside of the body.

A

urethra

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8
Q

The functional unit of the kidney.

A

nephron

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9
Q

The process of fluid exchange between the glomerular capillaries in the kidney and the glomerular capsule.

A

glomerular filtration

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10
Q

The process of transporting substances out of the renal tubule into the interstitial fluid.

A

tubular reabsorption

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11
Q

The process of transporting substances out of the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubule.

A

tubular secretion

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12
Q

The mass of capillary loops located at the beginning of a nephron.

A

glomerulus

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13
Q

One billionth (10-9) of a meter.

A

nanometer(nm)

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14
Q

Associated with the kidneys.

A

renal

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15
Q

A situation when one solution contains a lesser osmotic pressure than the other.

A

hypotonic

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16
Q

Which of these is not a general function of the kidneys?
regulation of blood volume
regulation of solute concentration in the blood
regulation of the pH of the extracellular fluid
regulation of vitamin A synthesis
regulation of red blood cell synthesis

A

regulation of vitamin A synthesis

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17
Q

The cortex of the kidney contains the
hilum.
glomeruli.
adipose tissue.
renal pyramids.
renal pelvis.

A

glomeruli.

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18
Q

Given these structures:
(1) major calyx
(2) minor calyx
(3) renal papilla
(4) renal pelvis
Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in order as urine leaves the collecting duct and travels to the ureter.
1,4,2,3
2,3,1,4
3,2,1,4
4,1,3,2
4,3,2,1

A

3,2,1,4

19
Q

Which of these structures contain(s) blood?
glomerulus
vasa recta
distal convoluted tubule
glomerular capsule
Both a and b are correct.

A

Both a and b are correct.
glomerulus and vasa recta

20
Q

The juxtaglomerular cells of ______ the and the macula densa cells of the ______ form the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
afferent arteriole, proximal convoluted tubule
afferent arteriole, distal convoluted tubule
efferent arteriole, proximal convoluted tubule
efferent arteriole, distal convoluted tubule

A

afferent arteriole, distal convoluted tubule

21
Q

Given these blood vessels:
(1) afferent arteriole
(2) efferent arteriole
(3) glomerulus
(4) peritubular capillaries
Choose the correct order as blood passes from a cortical radiate artery to a cortical radiate vein.
1,2,3,4
1,3,2,4
2,1,4,3
3,2,4,1
4,3,1,2

A

1,3,2,4

22
Q

Which of these processes is responsible for kidney function?
filtration
secretion
reabsorption
Both a and b are correct.
All of these are correct.

A

All of these are correct.

23
Q

The amount of plasma that enters the glomerular capsule per minute is the
GFR.
renal plasma flow.
renal fraction.
renal blood flow.

A

GFR.

24
Q

If the glomerular capillary pressure is 40 mm Hg, the capsular hydrostatic pressure is 10 mm Hg, and the blood colloid osmotic pressure within the glomerulus is 30 mm Hg, the filtration pressure is
−20 mm Hg.
0 mm Hg.
20 mm Hg.
60 mm Hg.
80 mm Hg.

A

0 mm Hg.

25
Q

Which of these conditions reduces filtration pressure in the glomerulus?
elevated blood pressure
constriction of the afferent arterioles
decreased plasma protein in the glomerulus
dilation of the afferent arterioles
decreased capsular hydrostatic pressure

A

constriction of the afferent arterioles

26
Q

If blood pressure increases by 50 mm Hg
the afferent arterioles constrict.
glomerular capillary pressure increases by 50 mm Hg.
GFR increases dramatically.
efferent arterioles constrict.
All of these are correct.

A

the afferent arterioles constrict.

27
Q

Glucose is usually completely reabsorbed from the filtrate by the time the filtrate has reached the
end of the proximal convoluted tubule.
bend of the nephron loop.
end of the distal convoluted tubule.
end of the collecting duct.
glomerular capsule.

A

end of the proximal convoluted tubule.

28
Q

The greatest volume of water is reabsorbed from the renal tubule by the
proximal convoluted tubule.
nephron loop.
distal convoluted tubule.
collecting duct.

A

proximal convoluted tubule.

29
Q

Water leaves the renal tubule by
active transport.
filtration into the capillary network.
osmosis.
facilitated diffusion.
symport.

A

osmosis.

30
Q

Potassium ions enter the _______ by _______
proximal convoluted tubule, diffusion
proximal convoluted tubule, active transport
distal convoluted tubule, diffusion
distal convoluted tubule, antiport

A

proximal convoluted tubule, active transport

31
Q

Reabsorption of most solute molecules from the proximal convoluted tubule is linked to the active transport of Na+ across the
apical membrane and out of the cell.
apical membrane and into the cell.
basal membrane and out of the cell.
basal membrane and into the cell.

A

basal membrane and out of the cell.

32
Q

Which of these ions is used to symport amino acids, glucose, and other solutes through the apical membrane of tubule cells?
K+
Na+
Cl−
Ca2+
Mg2+

A

Na+

33
Q

Which of the following would help compensate for low pH of body fluids?
increased respiration
increased HCO3− reabsorption
increased H+ secretion
All of these are correct.
Both a and b are correct.

A

increased respiration

34
Q

Which of the following contributes to the formation of a hyperosmotic environment in the medulla of the kidney?
the effects of ADH on water permeability of the ascending limb of the nephron loop
the impermeability of the ascending limb of the nephron loop to water
the symport of Na+, K+, and Cl− out of the ascending limb of the nephron loop
Both a and c are correct.
Both b and c are correct.

A

Both b and c are correct.

the impermeability of the ascending limb of the nephron loop to water

the symport of Na+, K+, and Cl− out of the ascending limb of the nephron loop

35
Q

At which of these sites is the osmolality of the filtrate at its lowest (lowest concentration)?
glomerular capillary
proximal convoluted tubule
bend of the nephron loop
initial section of the distal convoluted tubule
collecting duct
Answer

A

initial section of the distal convoluted tubule

36
Q

Increased aldosterone causes
increased reabsorption of Na+.
decreased blood volume.
decreased reabsorption of Cl−.
increased permeability of the distal convoluted tubule to water.
increased volume of urine.

A

increased reabsorption of Na+.

37
Q

Juxtaglomerular cells are involved in the secretion of
ADH.
angiotensin.
aldosterone.
renin.

A

renin.

38
Q

Angiotensin II
causes vasoconstriction.
stimulates aldosterone secretion.
stimulates ADH secretion.
increases the sensation of thirst.
All of these are correct.

A

All of these are correct.

39
Q

ADH governs the
Na+ pump of the proximal convoluted tubules.
water permeability of the nephron loop.
Na+ pump of the vasa recta.
water permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts.
Na+ reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule.

A

water permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts.

40
Q

A decrease in blood osmolality results in
increased ADH secretion.
increased permeability of the collecting ducts to water.
decreased urine osmolality.
decreased urine output.
All of these are correct.

A

decreased urine osmolality.

41
Q

Marvin was driving too fast on a remote mountain road at 3 a.m. when his car left the road and rolled down a steep hill. Marvin sustained numerous cuts and bruises. When medical help arrived 2 hours later, his systolic blood pressure was 70 mm Hg, and his pulse was weak (thready). Intravenous saline was administered immediately, and plasma and then whole blood were administered in the emergency room. After another hour, Marvin’s blood pressure had returned to normal and he no longer appeared pale. While he was in the hospital, Marvin’s urine volume decreased to less than 30 mL/h (<400 mL/day). A blood sample indicated elevated blood levels of urea, creatinine, and uric acid. He also exhibited hyperkalemia and some cardiac arrhythmia, and his arterial pH was <7.35 (below normal). Over the next few days, his red blood cell count decreased and he bruised easily. His jugular veins were distended, and there was some peripheral and pulmonary edema. From the following list, select the conditions that applied to Marvin at this time.
(1) hypoxic injury to the kidney
(2) increased reabsorption of wastes
(3) decreased H+ secretion
(4) decreased K+ secretion
(5) increased HCO3− reabsorption
(6) decreased erythropoietin secretion
1,2,3,4,5,6
2,3,4,5
1,2,3,4
1,2,3,4,6
1,2,6

A

1,2,3,4,6

42
Q

The amount of a substance that passes through the filtration membrane into the renal tubule per minute is the
renal plasma flow.
renal threshold.
plasma clearance.
transport maximum.

A

renal plasma flow.

43
Q

The urinary bladder
is composed of skeletal muscle.
is lined by simple columnar epithelium.
is connected to the outside of the body by the ureter.
is located in the pelvic cavity.
has two urethras and one ureter attached to it.

A

is located in the pelvic cavity.

AP II (16 decks)

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