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AP II > Chapter 29 > Flashcards

Chapter 29 Flashcards

1
Q

The major development of organ systems takes place in
weeks 1 and 2 of development.
weeks 3–8 of development.
weeks 8–20 of development.
the last 30 weeks of development.

A

weeks 3–8 of development.

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2
Q

Given these structures:
(1) blastocyst
(2) morula
(3) zygote
Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order in which they form during development.
1,2,3
1,3,2
2,3,1
3,1,2
3,2,1

A

3,2,1

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3
Q

The embryo proper develops from the
inner cell mass.
trophoblast.
blastocele.
yolk sac.

A

inner cell mass.

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4
Q

The placenta
develops from the trophoblast.
allows maternal blood to mix with embryonic blood.
invades the lacunae of the embryo.
All of these are correct.

A

develops from the trophoblast.

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5
Q

The embryonic disk
forms between the amniotic cavity and the yolk sac.
contains the primitive streak.
becomes a three-layered structure.
All of these are correct.

A

All of these are correct.

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6
Q

The brain develops from
ectoderm.
endoderm.
mesoderm.

A

ectoderm.

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7
Q

Most of the skeletal system develops from
ectoderm.
endoderm.
mesoderm.

A

mesoderm.

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8
Q

The somites give rise to the
circulatory system.
skeletal muscle.
lungs.
kidneys.

A

skeletal muscle.

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9
Q

The pericardial cavity forms from
evagination of the early digestive tract.
the neural tube.
the coelom.
the branchial arches.
pharyngeal pouches.

A

the coelom.

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10
Q

Given these structures:
1. neural crest
2. neural plate
3. neural tube
Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order in which they form during development.
A) 1,2,3
B) 1,3,2
C) 2,1,3
D) 2,3,1
E) 3,2,1

A

C) 2,1,3

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11
Q

The parts of the limbs develop
in a proximal-to-distal sequence.
in a distal-to-proximal sequence.
at approximately the same time.
before the primitive streak is formed.

A

in a proximal-to-distal sequence.

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12
Q

Concerning development of the face,
the face develops by the fusion of five embryonic structures.
the maxillary processes normally meet at the midline to form the lip.
the primary palate forms the roof of the mouth.
clefts of the secondary palate normally occur to one side of the midline

A

the face develops by the fusion of five embryonic structures.

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13
Q

Concerning the development of the heart,
the heart develops from a single tube, which results from the fusion of two tubes.
the SA node develops in the wall of the sinus venosus.
the foramen ovale lets blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium.
the bulbus cordis is absorbed into the ventricle.
All of these are correct.

A

All of these are correct.

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14
Q

Given these structures:
(1) mesonephros
(2) metanephros
(3) pronephros
Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order in which they form during development.
1,2,3
1,3,2
2,3,1
3,1,2
3,2,1

A

3,1,2
pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros

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15
Q

A study of the early embryo indicates that the glans penis of the male develops from the same embryonic structure as which of these female structures?
A) labia majora
B) uterus
C) clitoris
D) vagina
E) urinary bladder

A

C) clitoris

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16
Q

Which hormone causes differentiation of sex organs in the developing male fetus?
A) FSH and LH
B) LH and testosterone
C) testosterone and dihydrotestosterone
D) estrogen and progesterone
E) GnRH and FSH

A

C) testosterone and dihydrotestosterone

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17
Q

The onset of labor may be a result of
increased estrogen secretion by the placenta.
increased glucocorticoid secretion by the fetus.
increased secretion of oxytocin.
stretch of the uterus.
All of these are correct.

A

All of these are correct.

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18
Q

Following birth
the ductus arteriosus closes.
the pH of the stomach increases.
the fossa ovalis becomes the foramen ovale.
blood flow through the pulmonary arteries decreases.
All of these events occur.

A

the ductus arteriosus closes.

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19
Q

The hormone involved in milk production is
oxytocin.
prolactin.
estrogen.
progesterone.
ACTH.

A

prolactin.

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20
Q

Which of these life stages is correctly matched with the time it occurs?
neonate—birth to 1 month after birth
infant—1 month to 6 months
child—6 months to 5 years
puberty—10–12 years
middle age—20–40 years

A

neonate—birth to 1 month after birth

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21
Q

Which of these occurs as we get older?
A) Neurons replicate to replace lost neurons.
B) Skeletal muscle cells replicate to replace lost muscle cells.
C) Cross-links between collagen molecules increase.
D) The immune system become less sensitive to the body’s own antigens.
E) Free radicals help to prevent cancer.

A

Cross-links between collagen molecules increase.

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22
Q

A gene is
the functional unit of heredity.
a certain portion of a DNA molecule.
a part of a chromosome.
All of these are correct.

A

All of these are correct.

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23
Q

Which of these does not contribute to genetic differences between gametes?
A) crossing-over
B) independent assortment
C) linkage
D) nondisjunction

A

linkage

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24
Q

Which of these terms is correctly matched with its definition?
autosome—an X or a Y chromosome
phenotype—the genetic makeup of an individual
allele—variant form of a gene occupying the locus on a homologous chromosome
heterozygous—having two identical genes for a trait
recessive—a trait expressed when the genes are heterozygous

A

allele—variant form of a gene occupying the locus on a homologous chromosome

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25
Q

Which of these genotypes is heterozygous?
DD
Dd
dd
Both a and c are correct.

A

Dd

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26
Q

The AB blood type in the ABO blood group is an example of
dominant versus recessive alleles.
incomplete dominance.
codominance.
a polygenic trait.
sex-linked inheritance.

A

codominance.

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27
Q

Assume that a trait is determined by an X-linked dominant gene. If the mother exhibits the trait but the father does not, then their
sons are more likely than their daughters to exhibit the trait.
daughters are more likely than their sons to exhibit the trait.
sons and daughters are equally likely to exhibit the trait.

A

sons and daughters are equally likely to exhibit the trait.

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28
Q

Which of these could result in a congenital disorder?
A) a parent has the same disorder
B) a teratogen
C) a mutagen
D) all of the above

A

all of the above

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29
Q

Select the conditions that would be present in a genetic male fetus having a mutation that causes the synthesis of an ineffective müllerian-inhibiting hormone.
(1) Male internal reproductive structures develop.
(2) Male internal reproductive structures do not develop.
(3) Female internal reproductive structures develop.
(4) Female internal reproductive structures do not develop.
(5) Male external genitalia develop.
(6) Female external genitalia develop.
2,4,6
1,3,5
1,2,6
2,3,5

A

1,3,5
(1) Male internal reproductive structures develop.
(3) Female internal reproductive structures develop.
(5) Male external genitalia develop.

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30
Q

cells undergo mitosis

A

period of cleavage

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31
Q

umbilical cord forms

A

embryonic stage

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32
Q

ossification centers appear in bones

A

fetal stage

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33
Q

the first week of pregnancy

A

period of cleavage

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34
Q

main internal organs and external body structures appear

A

embryonic stage

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35
Q

the ninth through thirty-eighth week

A

fetal stage

36
Q

fetus is covered with fine downy hair

A

fetal stage

37
Q

blastocyst implants itself in uterine wall

A

period of cleavage

38
Q

Waste is excreted and the body temperature begins to be regulated on its own.

A

neonatal period

39
Q

as the teeth begin to erupt, communication also begins

A

infancy

40
Q

as the person grows quickly, a high degree of muscular control is achieved

A

childhood

41
Q

Growth spurts occur in skeletal and muscular systems as intellectual abilities increase.

A

adolescence

42
Q

Anatomical and physiological changes do not occur as degenerative changes begin.

A

adulthood

43
Q

The body becomes less and less able to cope with the demands placed upon it.

A

senescence

44
Q

the semen ejaculated by the male’s penis.

A

sperm

45
Q

The movement of sperm to the uterine tube.

A

sperm migration

46
Q

A sperm cell.

A

spermatozoa

47
Q

The process that enables spermatozoa to penetrate and fertilize an ova.

A

capacitation

48
Q

An immature egg cell.

A

oocyte

49
Q

The process of cell division into two equal daughter cells, each with chromosomes identical to the original cell.

A

mitosis

49
Q

A developing human after the embryonic stage of prenatal development.

A

fetus

50
Q

An early stage of prenatal development that consists of a hollow ball of cells.

A

blastocyst

51
Q

An organ that attaches the fetus to the uterine wall and delivers nutrients to and removal of wastes from the fetus.

A

placenta

52
Q

A developing human in the first eight weeks of development.

A

embryo

53
Q

The fluid that surrounds the developing fetus.

A

amniotic fluid

54
Q

The soft and smooth hair that covers a fetus during the third time period of the fetal stage.

A

downy hair

55
Q

Increased resistance to blood flow

A

cardiovascular system

56
Q

Decreased movement in gastrointestinal tract

A

digestive system

57
Q

Decreased pigment production

A

integumentary system

58
Q

Increased susceptibility to infection and disease

A

lymphatic system

59
Q

Loss of muscle fiber

A

muscular system

60
Q

Decreased recall and memory skills

A

nervous system

61
Q

Loss of elastic fibers in lungs

A

respiratory system

62
Q

Reduced or decreased secretion of sex hormones

A

reproductive system

63
Q

Thinner and less dense bone structure

A

skeletal system

64
Q

Changes in kidneys function

A

urinary system

65
Q

Reduced hormonal secretions

A

endocrine system

66
Q

The study of heredity.

A

genetics

67
Q

The functional unit of heredity.

A

gene

68
Q

The rod-like structure of a cell that determines genetics.

A

chromosome

69
Q

The study of gene interaction in the human body.

A

genomics

70
Q

The strands of genetic material in a cell.

A

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

71
Q

A protein catalyst that increases the rate at which a chemical reactions occurs; the enzyme remains unchanged during these reactions.

A

enzyme

72
Q

A substance secreted by an endocrine gland that promotes a specific response.

A

hormone

73
Q

A protein in the connective tissue and bones.

A

collagen

74
Q

All of the cells of the human body, excluding the gametes.

A

somatic cells

75
Q

The sex cells of the human body.

A

gametes

76
Q

Genes that occupy the same position on a chromosome.

A

alleles

77
Q

An immature egg cell.

A

oocyte

78
Q

The composition of extracellular fluid has little affect on intracellular fluid amounts.
Select one:
True
False

A

False

79
Q

Meiosis I is a reduction division.
Select one:
True
False

A

True

80
Q

The final products of the two meiotic divisions are four haploid daughter cells from an original diploid cell.
Select one:
True
False

A

True

81
Q

Only cells of the testes or ovaries undergo meiosis, which produces four haploid (n) cells with 23 chromosomes each.
Select one:
True
False

A

True

82
Q

A neonate who has a blue tint to her skin, has a pulse of less than 100 bpm, and has an irregular rate of breathing could score an APGAR score of 8.
Select one:
True
False

A

False

83
Q

The major organ systems develop during the germinal prenatal period.
Select one:
True
False

A

False

84
Q

An individual that is type AB is not likely to be the parent of an individual that is type O.
Select one:
True
False

A

True

85
Q
A

AP II (16 decks)

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