Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PCOG LAB > EX 5 > Flashcards

EX 5 Flashcards

1
Q
  • a compound that yields one or more sugar and non-sugar componenet among the products of hydrolysis
  • also known as sugar ethers
A

GLYCOSIDES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

GLYCOSIDES

sugar component

A

glycone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

GLYCOSIDES

non-sugar component

A

aglycone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

GLYCOSIDES

are also known as

A

SUGAR ETHERS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • for regulatory, protective, sanitary compounds in plants
  • various therapeutic uses such as cardiac glycosides, laxatives, local irritants, analgesics
A

GLYCOSIDES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

GLYCOSIDES

for specific congestive heart failure

A

cardiac glycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

GLYCOSIDES

senna leaves contains

A

senosites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

GLYCOSIDES

  • sugar component
  • common denominator
  • inactive
A

glycone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

GLYCOSIDES

  • non-sugar component
  • basis of classification
  • active
A

aglycone (genins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

GLYCOSIDES

aglycone is also known as

A

genins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

GLYCOSIDES | ACCDNG TO THE GLYCONE PRESENT

if it is GLUCOSE

A

glucoside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

GLYCOSIDES | ACCDNG TO THE GLYCONE PRESENT

if it is FRUCTOSE

A

fructoside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

GLYCOSIDES | ACCDNG TO THE GLYCONE PRESENT

if it is GALACTOSE

A

galactoside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

GLYCOSIDES | ACCDNG TO THE GLYCONE PRESENT

if it is GLUCURONIC ACID

A

glucuronide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

types of glycosidic bonds

A

C
O
N
S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • the aglycone portion is an ALCOHOL derivative
  • WILLOW BARK (Salix purpurea, S. fragilis)
A

ALCOHOL GLYCOSIDES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ALCOHOL GLYCOSIDES

____ hydrolyzes salicin to become saligin

A

EMULSIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ALCOHOL GLYCOSIDES

emulsin hydrolyzes salicin to become ____

A

saliginin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ALCOHOL GLYCOSIDES

USE:
Willow bark
Salix purpurea, S. fragilis

A

rheumatoid arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ALCOHOL GLYCOSIDES

other name for salicin

A

salicyl alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ALCOHOL GLYCOSIDES

Salicin when OXIDIZED will become

A

salicylic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ALCOHOL GLYCOSIDES

SALICYLIC ACID when undergone ACETYLATION will become

A

aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
  • the aglycone poriton is aldehyde derivative
  • VANILLA (Vanilla planifolia, V. tahitensis)
A

ALDEHYDE GLYCOSIDES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

ALDEHYDE GLYCOSIDES

the aglycone portion of VANILLA

A

vanillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q
  • largest group of naturally occuring PIGMENTS
  • used as dyes, cathartics, and stimulant laxatives (habit-forming)
  • derivatives are often orange-red compounds tat are soluble in hot water and in dilute alcohol
  • give a characteristic red, violet, green, or purple color with a base
A

ANTHRAQUINONE GLYCOSIDES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

ANTHRAQUINONE GLYCOSIDES

derivatives are often ____ compounds that are soluble in HOT water and in DILUTE alcohol

A

orange-red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

ANTHRAQUINONE GLYCOSIDES

dervatives are SOLUBLE in ____ and in ____

A

HOT water
DILUTE alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

ANTHRAQUINONE GLYCOSIDES

give a characteristic ____, ____, ____, or ____ color with a base

A

red
violet
green
purple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

VANILLA
Vanilla planifolia, V. tahitensis

A

ALDEHYDE GLYCOSIDES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

WILLOW BARK
Salix purpurea, S. fragilis

A

ALCOHOL GLYCOSIDES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

ANTHRAQUINONE GLYCOSIDES | TESTS

BONTRAGER’s test

A

red color in lower ammoniacal layer

R - red A - ammoniacal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

ANTHRAQUINONE GLYCOSIDES | TESTS

MODIFIED BONTRAGER’s test

A

PINK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q
  • Cascara sagrada (Rhamnus purshianus)
  • Frangula (Rhamnus frangula)
  • Aloe (Aloe barbadensis, A. ferpx, A. africana, A. spicata)
  • Rhubarb (Rheum officinale, R. palmatum, R. rhabarbarum)
  • Indian rhubarb (Rheum emodi, R. webbianum)
  • Senna (Cassia acutifolia, C. angustifolia)
  • Chrysarobin (Andira araroba)
A

ANTHRAQUINONE GLYCOSIDES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

USE of ALL anthraquinone glycosides

A

CATHARTIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

all anthraquinone glycosides are CATHARTIC, except

A

CHRYSAROBIN
Andira araroba

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

USE:
Chrysarobin
Andira araroba

A

keratolytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q
  • the agluycone portion are derivatives of benzo-δ-pyrone nucleus

delta

A

CHROMONE glycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q
  • Hypericum erectum
  • Japanese eurya (Eurya japonica)
  • Cassia multijuga
A

CHROMONE glycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q
  • the aglycone portion are derivatives of benzo-α-pyrone nucleus

alpha

A

COUMARIN glycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q
  • Tonka bean (Dipteryx odorata)
  • Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria)
  • Sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis)
  • Vanilla grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum)
A

COUMARIN glycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q
  • releases cyanides
  • yields hydrocyanic acid upon hydrolysis
  • often found in legumes, root crops, and grasses
  • usually in plants together with hydrolytic enzymes
  • most are lost after plant harvest due to spontaneous hydrolysis
A

CYANOGENIC GLYCOSIDES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

CYANOGENIC GLYCOSIDES

yields ____ upon hydrolysis

A

hydrocyanic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

CYANOGENIC GLYCOSIDES

often found in ____, ____, ____

A

legumes
root crops
grasses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

CYANOGENIC GLYCOSIDES

usually in plants together with ____

A

hydrolytic enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

CYANOGENIC GLYCOSIDES

most are LOST after plant harvest due to ____

A

spontaneous hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

amygdalin

A

CYANOGENIC glycoside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

CYANOGENIC GLYCOSIDES

  • laetrile
  • vitamin B17
  • thought to have anti-tumor properties
A

amygdalin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

CYANOGENIC GLYCOSIDES | TESTS

appearance of various shades of RED within 15minutes when the tube is warmed
(yellow to brick red)

A

GUIGNARD’S TEST

49
Q

CYANOGENIC GLYCOSIDES | TESTS

GUIGNARD’s test

A

various shades of red within 15mins when warmed

yellow to brick red

50
Q
  • Wild cherry (Prunus serotina)
  • Apricot (Prunus armeniaca)
  • Almond (Prunus amygdalus)
  • Cassava (Manihot esculenta)
A

CYANOGENIC GLYCOSIDES

51
Q
  • most common
  • phenolic plant pigments containing a benzo-γ-pyrone nucleus
  • include anthocyanins, leucoanthocyanins, catechins, aurones, chalcones
  • have reported anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic activites
A

FLAVONOID glycosides

52
Q

FLAVONOID GLYCOSIDES

ANTHOCYANINS on hydrolysis yield sugars and COLORED aglycones known as ____

A

anthocyanidins

53
Q

FLAVONOID GLYCOSIDES

LEUCOANTHOCYANINS have their aglycone known as ____

A

leucoanthocyanidin

54
Q

FLAVONOID GLYCOSIDES | TESTS

BATE-SMITH & METCALF test

A

strong red or violet

55
Q

FLAVONOID GLYCOSIDES | TESTS

WILSTATTER “CYANIDIN” test

A

orange to red, crimson, magenta
occasionally green or blue

56
Q
  • Hesperidin
  • Naringin
  • Rutin
  • Quercitin
A

FLAVONOID GLYCOSIDES

57
Q

the aglycone portion is an iridoid, usually bound to the glyucone portion glucose

A

IRIDOID GLYCOSIDES

58
Q
  • Asterids (Aucuba japonica, Eucommia ulmoides)
  • Catalpa (Catalpa bignonioides, C. speciosa)
A

IRIDOID GLYCOSIDES

59
Q
  • derived from the hydrolysis of GLUCOSINOLATES (sulphur-containing compounds found in cruciferous plants)
  • found their importance because of their anti-cancer properties
A

ISOTHIOCYANATE GLYCOSIDES

60
Q
  • Black mustard (Brassica nigra)
  • White mustard (Brassica alba)
A

ISOTHIOCYANATE

61
Q

ISOTHIOCYANATE GLYCOSIDES

derived from the hydrolysis of ____ (sulphur-containing compounds found in cruciferous plants)

A

GLUCOSINOLATES

62
Q

ISOTHIOCYANATE GLYCOSIDES

glucosinolates are ____-containing compounds

63
Q

ISOTHIOCYANATE GLYCOSIDES

glucosinolates are found in ____ plants

A

cruciferous

64
Q

the aglycone portion is a phenol group

A

PHENOL GLYCOSIDES

65
Q

Bearberry
(Arctostaphylos uva-ursi)

A

PHENOL glycosides

66
Q
  • cardiac glycosides
  • prominent effect on the heart muscle
  • cardenolide, bufadienolide
A

STEROIDAL GLYCOSIDES

67
Q

STEROIDAL GLYCOSIDES

also known as

A

cardiac glycosides

68
Q

STEROIDAL GLYCOSIDES

steroidal nucleus

A

cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene

69
Q

STEROIDAL GLYCOSIDES

STEROIDAL SKELETON:
* more common
* has optimum activity
* C-23
* 5 membered lactone ring

A

CARDENOLIDE

70
Q

STEROIDAL GLYCOSIDES

STEROIDAL SKELETON:
* less common
* less activity
* C-24
* 6 membered lactone ring

A

BUFADIENOLIDE

71
Q

STEROIDAL GLYCOSIDES | TESTS

test for 2-DEOXYSUGARS

A

KELLER-KILLIANI

72
Q

STEROIDAL GLYCOSIDES | TESTS

KELLER-KILLIANI test

A

reddish brown to blue or purple

73
Q

STEROIDAL GLYCOSIDES | TESTS

test for unsaturated STEROIDS and TRITERPENES

A

LIEBERMANN-BURCHARD

74
Q

STEROIDAL GLYCOSIDES | TESTS

LIBERMANN-BURCHARD test

A

blue to green, red, pink, purple, or violet

75
Q

STEROIDAL GLYCOSIDES | TESTS

test for unsaturated LACTONES

76
Q

STEROIDAL GLYCOSIDES | TESTS

KEDDE’s test

A

blue-violet

77
Q
  • Foxlgove (Digitalis purpurea)
  • Grecian foxglove (Digitalis lanata)
  • Convallaria (Convallaria majalis)
  • Pheasant’s eye (Adonis vernalis)
  • Black hellebore (Helleborus niger)
  • Dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum)
  • Adelfa (Nerium oleander)
  • Strophantus (Strophantus kombe)
  • Ouabain (Strophantus gratus, Acokanthera ouabaio)
  • Squill (white var of Urginea maritima, U. indica)
  • Red squill (red var. of U. maritima)
A

STEROIDAL glycosides

78
Q

STEROIDAL GLYCOSIDES

white variation of Urginea maritima

79
Q

STEROIDAL GLYCOSIDES

red variety of U. maritima

A

red squill

80
Q
  • found their use as natural sweeteners, as subtitute for sugar (40-300 times sweeter than sucrose
A

STEVIOL GLYCOSIDES

81
Q

STEVIOL GLYCOSIDES

found their use as ____

A

natural sweeteners

82
Q

40-300 times SWEETER than sucrose

A

steviol, stevia ??

83
Q

STEVIA
Stevia rebaudiana

A

STEVIOL glycosides

84
Q
  • steroidal/triterpenoid glycosides characterized by their ability to froth when agitated - used as detergent
  • exert a powerful hemolytic action on RBCs and are highly toxic when injected into the bloodstream - used as fish poison
  • harmless when taken orally
  • 2 types: steroidal, triterpenoidal
85
Q

SAPONINS

they are characterized by their ability to ____ when agitated

86
Q

SAPONINS

froth: are used as ____

87
Q

SAPONINS

exert a ____ on RBCs and highly toxic when injected into the bloodstream

A

powerful hemolytic action

88
Q

SAPONINS

  • contains ____ which is a poisonous saponin
  • has interesting spermicidal and mulloscicidal activity
89
Q

.SAPONINS

sapotoxin has interesting ____ and ____ activity

A

spermicidal and molluscicidal

90
Q

SAPONINS

2 TYPES:
* monocot
* Dioscoreaceae

91
Q

SAPONINS

2 TYPES:
* dicot
* Agavaceae

A

triterpenoidal

92
Q

SAPONINS

aglycone portion

93
Q

SAPONINS

27 carbons

A

Neutral saponins
Steroids

94
Q

SAPONINS

30 carbons

A

Acid saponins
Triterpenoids

95
Q

SAPONIN | SYNTHESIS REAGENTS USE

use to produce acid saponin if present are PRECIPITATED as LEAD SALTS

A

Neutral Lead acetate

96
Q

SAPONIN | SYNTHESIS REAGENTS USE

Neutral Lead acetate is used to produce ____ if present are precipitated as lead salts

A

acid saponin

97
Q

SAPONIN | SYNTHESIS REAGENTS USE

use to precipitate NEUTRAL saponin

A

Basic Lead Acetate

98
Q

SAPONIN | SYNTHESIS REAGENTS USE

Basic Lead acetate is used to precipitate ____

A

neutral saponin

99
Q

SAPONIN | SYNTHESIS REAGENTS USE

use to DECOMPOSE lead acetate

A

Hydrogen sulfide

100
Q

SAPONIN | PROPERTIES

soluble in ____ and ____

A

water & alcohol

101
Q

SAPONIN | PROPERTIES

form ____ with water

A

persistent froth

102
Q

SAPONIN | PROPERTIES

cause ____ if reach the blood

A

hemolysis of RBCs

103
Q

SAPONIN | PROPERTIES

shape/form

104
Q

SAPONIN | PROPERTIES

taste

A

bitter, acrid

105
Q

SAPONIN | TESTS

honeycomb froth greater than 2cm persistent for 10mins

A

FROTH test

106
Q

SAPONIN | TESTS

clear zones of hemolysis (hemolytic halos)

A

Agar cup hemolytic test

107
Q

SAPONIN | TESTS

formation of precipitate (BARIUM HYDROXIDE reacts with neutral saponins)

neutral saponins have NO acid-base groups

A

BARYTA WATER TEST

108
Q

SAPONIN | TESTS

BARYTA WATER TEST:
____ reacts with neutral saponins

A

barium hydroxide

109
Q

SAPONIN | TESTS

neutral saponins have NO ____ groups

A

acid-base groups

110
Q

SAPONIN | TESTS

formation of precipitate (BASIC LEAD ACETATE reacts with neutral saponins)

A

LEAD ACETATE TEST

111
Q

SAPONIN | TESTS

PHYSICAL TEST: Gugo Extract
* color

A

golden yellow to orange

112
Q

SAPONIN | TESTS

PHYSICAL TEST: Gugo Extract
* odor

113
Q

SAPONIN | TESTS

PHYSICAL TEST: Gugo Extract
* taste

A

slightly bitter, acrid

114
Q
  • Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
  • Yam (Dioscorea floribuna, D. alata)
  • Ginseng (Panax ginseng, P. quinquefolius)
  • Gugo (Entada phaseoloides)
115
Q

IRIDOID GLYCOSIDES

glycoside portion of CATLPA

116
Q

IRIDOID GLYCOSIDES

glycoside of ASTERIDS

117
Q

glycone portion of SENNOSIDE

118
Q

glycone portion of FRANGULIN

119
Q

glycone portion of DIGITOXIN

A

digitoxose

PCOG LAB (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions