Evolution & Domestication Flashcards
What is the scientific definition of domestication?
Process where animals adapt to living with humans and in the environment humans provide for them
This definition focuses on the animal relationships but does not explain how these animals differ from others.
When were dogs first domesticated?
14,000 years ago
When did the domestication of farm animals begin?
8,000 – 12,000 years ago
What environmental changes occurred 30,000 years ago that led to domestication?
Likely caused humans and animals to live in the same space
What factors were likely selected for during domestication?
- Ability to control animals
- Herding ability
- Temperament – Castration
- Aggression – slaughter
What has shifted in the last 100 years regarding genetic selection?
- Particular matings
- Computers
- Artificial insemination and semen collection
- Change in group sizes
What is the most important behavioral factor in domestication?
Docility
What are the favorable characteristics towards domestication?
- Group structure
- Large social groups (flocks, herds)
- Hierarchical group structure
- Males and females living together
- Promiscuous mating
- Short flight distance
- Omnivorous
- Adaptable to environments
What are the unfavorable characteristics towards domestication?
- Family groupings
- Territorial structure
- Pair bond matings
- Long flight distance (wary)
- Special dietary requirements
- Extreme agility
Fill in the blank: The first domesticated species was _______.
Dogs
True or False: The definition of a domesticated animal includes those that fit into favorable categories.
True
What is a key question regarding artificial selection traits?
Is it possible that by focusing on a specific production trait, we will move animals away from domestication?
What is the role of behavior in domestication?
The relationship between humans and animals is important for domestication
What is the evolutionary history timeline of life on Earth?
Earth age: 4.5 to 5 billion years; Life on Earth: 2.5 to 3 million years ago
