Animal Welfare Flashcards
What are the three primary views of animal use?
- Sliding Scale
- Contractualism
- Utilitarianism
- Animal Rights
Contractualism states animals have no moral standing and can be used as desired, while Utilitarianism allows for animal use with the requirement of humane treatment. Animal Rights argues against any animal use.
What does the Animal Rights view advocate?
Animal production is unacceptable
This view lobbies for the gradual or complete abolition of practices involving animals, including pets, sports, entertainment, and hunting.
What does the Animal Welfare view emphasize?
Animal production is acceptable; animals should receive responsible care
This view identifies practices that promote health and quality of life for animals.
What is the timeline of the development of animal welfare movements?
- 1596: Rene Descartes’ views on animals
- 1700s: Public dissections and observations of animals
- 1800: Jeremy Bentham’s question of animal suffering
- 1965-present: Second Welfare movement
The timeline highlights key philosophical and social developments impacting animal welfare.
What was a main focus of the First Welfare Movement?
Moral arguments recognizing human obligation to treat animals humanely
This movement generally spanned from ~1800 to 1960 and led to the formation of animal welfare organizations.
What significant legislation was passed in 1822?
First anti-cruelty bill giving protection to cattle, horses, and sheep
This legislation was piloted by Richard Martin MP.
What are the Five Freedoms as defined by the Farm Animal Welfare Committee?
- Freedom from Hunger and Thirst
- Freedom from Discomfort
- Freedom from Pain, Injury or Disease
- Freedom to Express Normal Behaviour
- Freedom from Fear and Distress
These freedoms encompass both physical and mental well-being of animals.
What does the Feelings Approach to animal welfare focus on?
Subjective feelings of animals, particularly suffering and pain
This approach emphasizes the importance of assessing an animal’s subjective experiences.
What is the Functional Approach to animal welfare?
Welfare is based on an animal’s ability to cope with its environment
This approach considers biological functioning, where good welfare correlates with health and productivity.
What does the Natural Living approach emphasize?
Conditions should be similar to an animal’s natural environment
This approach suggests that animals must perform natural behaviors to avoid suffering.
What are the pros and cons of input-based welfare standards?
Pros: Easy to verify; Cons: May not result in good welfare and is inflexible
Input-based standards focus on system-based measures like stocking density.
What are the pros and cons of outcome-based welfare standards?
Pros: Measures are relevant and important; Cons: Subjective measures and time-consuming
Outcome-based standards focus on animal-based measures such as behavior and health.
True or False: The Second Welfare Movement used scientific evidence to guide reforms.
True
This movement emerged in response to critiques of intensive farming and sought to clarify issues through science.
