Evolution and Natural Selection (Week 7 Lecture 10)

Question 1

What 2 principles is lamarck’s theory based on?

Answer 1

“Use it or lose it” - Individuals lose characteristics they do not require and develop those which are useful.

Inheritance of acquired traits - Individuals inherit the acquired traits of their ancestors. Eg. giraffe

Question 2

True or False: Darwin observed that beak shaper varies upon diet.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

______ is the gradual change in a species over time.

Answer 3

Evolution

Question 4

______ ______ are organisms that are better adapted to an environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than organisms that are less well adapted.

Answer 4

Natural selection

Question 5

What are the two factors that affect natural selection?

Answer 5

Competition - Darwin called it: “Struggle for existence”

Survival to reproduce -Fit individuals pass on to a portion of their offspring the advantageous characteristics.

Question 6

Dogs are an example of ______ selection.

Answer 6

Artificial selection

Question 7

True or False: Some species are more susceptible to mutations.
Some mutations allow the animal to survive; other mutations do not allow the animal to survive.
The mutations that are not decrease the chance of survival remain.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

How do fossils form?

Answer 8

Minerals gradually replace the bones and more sediments cover the fossil

Question 9

True or False: If the two organisms have body structures that are similar, they do not have to had a common ancestor.

Answer 9

False, they do have the same ancestor

Question 10

_____ ______ are a structure found in an organism that is no longer in use but may have been useful at some point in the organism’s life.

Answer 10

Vestigial structure

Question 11

What are three examples of vestigial structure?

Answer 11

Tail present in human and all vertebrates

Femur bone and pelvis in whales

Dewclaws on dogs

Question 12

True or False: The more similar the sequences of DNA are, the more closely related the organisms are.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

True or False: Humans and chimpanzees DNA is more similar than human DNA is to dog DNA.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

True or False: Linnaeus taxonomy does account for molecular evidence.

Answer 14

False, it does not

Question 15

True or False: The Linnean system is based only on physical similarities.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

______ similarities more accurately show evolutionary relationships than ______ similarities.

Answer 16

Genetic, physical

Question 17

______ is classification based on common ancestry.

Answer 17

Cladistics

Question 18

______ is the evolutionary history for a group of species.

Answer 18

Phylogeny

Question 19

True or False: Phylogeny is based on evidence from living
species, fossil record,
and molecular data

Answer 19

True

Question 20

A ______ is a group of species that shares a common ancestor.

Answer 20

Clade

Question 21

______ represent the most recent common ancestor of a clade.

Answer 21

Nodes

Question 22

What are the three domains of life?

Answer 22

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya