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BI 301 Global Ecology and Biogeography > Biodiversity Hotspots (Week 6 Lecture 9) > Flashcards

Biodiversity Hotspots (Week 6 Lecture 9) Flashcards

1
Q

How long has life existed on earth?

A

3.5 billion years

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2
Q

What percent of species that ever existed have gone extinct?

A

90%

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3
Q

______ ______ are periods in Earth’s history when abnormally large numbers of species die out simultaneously or within a limited time frame.

A

Mass extinctions

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4
Q

True or False: Extinction may be reversible.

A

False, irreversible

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5
Q

True or False: Human impacts have elevated the rate of extinction by at least a thousand to several thousand times the natural rate.

A

True

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6
Q

How many mass extinction have occurred on our planet?

A

5

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7
Q

When did the most severe mass extinction occurred.

A

End of the Permian period when 96% of all species destroyed

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8
Q

True or False: There is no benefit to a planet that undergoes a mass extinction.

A

False, mass extinction opens up the planet for new life forms to emerge

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9
Q

After what extinction did the dinosaurs appear?

A

Permian-Triassic extinction 250 MYA

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10
Q

The most studied mass extinction is the ______ extinction.

A

K/T

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11
Q

What is the great oxygenation event?

A

the biologically induced appearance of O2 in Earth’s atmosphere

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12
Q

What microbe is believed to become the first to produce oxygen by photosynthesis?

A

Oceanic cyanobacteria

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13
Q

______ ______ may have destroyed most obligate anaerobic organisms.

A

Free oxygen

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14
Q

True or False: Cyanobacteria were responsible for one of the most significantmass extinctionsin Earth’s history.

A

True

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15
Q

What was the third largest extinction in Earth’s history?

A

Ordovician-Silurian, 444 MYA 86% of species lost

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16
Q

What caused the ordovician-silurian mass extinction?

A

short, severe ice age that lowered sea levels, possibly triggered by the uplift of the Appalachians.

17
Q

How was the planet chilled during the Ordovician-Silurian mass extinction?

A

Silicate rock sucked CO2 out of the atmosphere, chilling the planet

18
Q

What type of species became more extinct during the Ordovician-Silurian mass extinction?

A

Sea creatures

19
Q

True or False: The Late Devonian extinction may have been a series of extinctions over several million years, rather than a single event.

A

True

20
Q

What was affected the most during the Late Devonian mass extinction?

A

Life in shallow sea areas

21
Q

What happened in the Late Devonian mass extinction?

A

Sea bed became devoid of oxygen

22
Q

What were the 4 possible causes of the Late Devonian mass extinction?

A

changes in sea level, asteroid impacts, climate change and new kinds of plants (most likely).

23
Q

True or False: During the Permian-Triassic extinction there were at least two separate phases of extinction spread over millions of years.

A

True

24
Q

What creatures were mostly affected during the Permian Triassic extinction?

A

Marine

25
Q

What is the only mass extinction to affect insects?

A

Permian-Triassic extinction

26
Q

______ extinction is also known as the “The Great Dying”.

A

Permian-Triassic

27
Q

What caused the Permian-Triassic extinction?

A

Asteroid impact, flood basalt eruptions, catastrophic methane release, a drop in oxygen levels, sea level fluctuations or some combination of these.

Most-likely cause - A cataclysmic eruption near Siberia blasted CO2 into the atmosphere.

28
Q

True or False: The Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction was caused by one phase of extinction.

A

False, two or three phases.

29
Q

True or False: During thr Triassic-Jurassic mass exinction plants were not badly affected.

A

True

30
Q

What is the Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction known for?

A

Death of the dinosaurs

31
Q

Order the 5 mass extinctions in TIME from earliest to latest.

A 
Ordovician-Silurian
Late Devonian
Permian-Triassic
Permian-Jurassic
K/T
32
Q

Order the 5 mass extinctions in % species lost from least to greatest.

A 
Late Devonian,  75%
K/T, 76%
Triassic-Jurassic, 80%
Ordovician-Silurian, 86%
Permian-Triassic, 96%

BI 301 Global Ecology and Biogeography (14 decks)

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