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BI 301 Global Ecology and Biogeography > Biomes (Week 4 Lecture 6) > Flashcards

Biomes (Week 4 Lecture 6) Flashcards

1
Q

______ are the major life zones characterized by vegetation type (terrestrial biomes) or physical environment (aquatic biomes).

A

Biomes

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2
Q

List the 9 major biomes

A

tropical rainforest

tropical dry forest

tropical grassland/ savanna/shrubland

desert

temperate grassland

temperate woodland and
shrubland

temperate forest

northwestern coniferous

forest

boreal forest

tundra

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3
Q

______ biomes are Hot temperature, moisture laden air rises resulting in constant rainfall (200 inches per year).

A

Tropical rain forest

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4
Q

True or False: The tropical rain forest biome has high biodiversity.

A

True

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5
Q

True or False: The ground in a tropical rain forest has alot of vegetation.

A

False, little vegetation unless plants have big leaves

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6
Q

How does vegetation pollinate primarily?

A

Through animals and insects because dense vegetation limits wind

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7
Q

True or False: Tropical rain forests are dominated by broadleaf evergreen plants; their dense tops block out most of the sun not reaching the forest floor.

A

True

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8
Q

______ plants in tropical rain forests have to compete for sunlight, so most have large leaves that maximize capture of limited light.

A

Understory

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9
Q

______ plants grown on branches of tall plants as opposed to soil so they can be closer towards the sunlight.

A

Epiphytic

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10
Q

______ biomes grow in areas where rainy seasons alternate with dry seasons.

A

Tropical dry forests

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11
Q

A plant that sheds its leaves during a particular season is called ______.

A

Decidious

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12
Q

How do animals reduce their need for water during dry seasons of tropical dry forests?

A

Evistation

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13
Q

______ biomes have more seasonal rainfall than deserts but less than tropical dry forests.

A

TROPICAL GRASSLAND/SAVANNA/SHRUBLAND

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14
Q

True or False: In tropical grasslands/savanna/shrubland, the soil is compact-frequent fires set by lightning.

A

True

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15
Q

In tropical grasslands/savanna/shrubland, adpatation include ______ leaf coverings and seasonal ______ ______.

A

Waxy, leaf loss

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16
Q

______ biomes have less than 25 centimeters of precipitation annually, but otherwise vary greatly, depending on elevation and latitude.

A

Desert

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17
Q

True or False: Many deserts undergo extreme daily temperature changes, alternating between hot and cold.

A

True

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18
Q

______ are modified leaves that aid in water retention in desert plants.

A

Spines

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19
Q

What type of biome covered vast areas of the mid-western and central United States?

A

Temperate grasslands

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20
Q

True or False: Grassland plants especially grasses, which grow from their base, are resistant to grazing and fire.

A

True

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21
Q

True or False: Desert animals are most active in the day.

A

False, to avoid the hottest parts of the day, many animals are nocturnal active only at night.

22
Q

What physical characteristic helps desert animals regulate body temperature?

A

Elongated ears

23
Q

What type of dispersal of seeds is common in grasslands?

A

Dispersal by wind

24
Q

What are two common protective adaptations from grassland animals?

A

Burrowing and camoflauge

25
Q

______ biomes are large areas of grasses and wildflowers are interspersed with oak and other trees.

A

Temperate woodland and shrubland

26
Q

Communities that are more shrubland than forest are known as ______.

A

Chaparral

27
Q

Why are temperate woodland shrubland biomes susceptible to fires?

A

Dense low plants that contain flammable oils make fire a constant threat.

28
Q

True or False: The soil in temperate woodland shrubland biome is thick wand nutrient rich.

A

False, thin and nutrient poor

29
Q

How do woody chaparral plants resist water loss?

A

Tough waxy leaves

30
Q

True or False: In temperate woodland shrubland biomes, some plants need fire to germinate.

A

True

31
Q

______ biomes are mostly deciduous and evergreen coniferous trees.

A

Temperate Forest

32
Q

______ trees produce seed-bearing cones.

A

Coniferous

33
Q

______ trees drop their leaves and dormant in winter.

A

Deciduous

34
Q

______ is a material formed from decaying leaves and other organic matter to keep soil fertile in temperate forests.

A

Humus

35
Q

Mild moist air from the Pacific Ocean influenced by the Rocky Mountains provides abundant rainfall to this biome.

A

Northwestern Coniferous Forest

36
Q

Because of its lush vegetation, the northwestern coniferous forest is sometimes called a ______.

A

Temperate rain forest

37
Q

True or False in the Northwestern coniferous forests biome, summers are cool and dry and soil is rocky and acidic.

A

True

38
Q

Where are some of the world’s tallest trees found?

A

Northwestern coniferous forest

39
Q

______ biome is dense forests of coniferous evergreens along the northern edge of the temperate zone.

A

Boreal forests

40
Q

Another name for boreal forest is ______.

A

Taiga

41
Q

True or False: Occur mostly in the northern part of the Northern Hemisphere.

A

True, boreal is greek for north.

42
Q

True or False: In boreal forests humidity is low and soil is nutrient rich.

A

False, High humidity and soil is acidic and nutrient-poor.

43
Q

Why are conifers well suited for the boreal forest?

A

The conical shape of conifers sheds snow, leaves prevent water loss.

44
Q

What is the major challenge for animals in the boreal forest?

A

Staying warm

45
Q

______ is characterized by permafrost, a layer of permanently frozen subsoil.

A

Tundra

46
Q

Why are tundra plants small and stunted?

A

Thawing and freezing-rips and crushes plant roots

47
Q

True or False: In the tundra, summers are short and soggy, and the winters are long, cold, and dark.

A

True

48
Q

By hugging the ground, ______ and other low-growing plants avoid damage from frequent strong winds.

A

Mosses

49
Q

True or False: Seed dispersal is common by animals in the tundra.

A

False, common by wind

50
Q

In cold areas (boreal and tundra) what 2 physical characteristic allows animals to stay warm?

A

Small extremities and extra fat

BI 301 Global Ecology and Biogeography (14 decks)

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