Biogeography Concepts (Week 2 Lecture 1)

Question 1

______ ecology examines the influence of energy and materials on organisms across the biosphere.

Answer 1

Global

Question 2

______ ecology focuses on the exchanges of energy, materials, and organisms across multiple ecosystems.

Answer 2

Landscape

Question 3

______ ecology emphasizes energy flow and chemical cycling among the various biotic and abiotic components.

Answer 3

Ecosystem

Question 4

______ ecology deals with the whole array of interacting species in a community.

Answer 4

Community

Question 5

______ ecology focuses on factors affecting population size over time.

Answer 5

Population

Question 6

______ ecology studies how an organism’s structure, physiology, and (for animals) behavior meet environmental challenges.

Answer 6

Organismal

Question 7

______ is the scientific study of the relationship between plants and animals and their environment.

Answer 7

Ecology

Question 8

______ ecology is the study of how all organisms interact and survive in their planetary environment.

Answer 8

Global

Question 9

______ study and analyze the complex interactions between organisms and the world around them in populations, communities andecosystems.

Answer 9

Ecologists

Question 10

______is the study of the distribution ofspeciesandecosystemsingeographic spaceand throughgeological time.

Answer 10

Biogeography

Question 11

______ studies the distribution of plants.

Answer 11

Phytogeography

Question 12

______ studies distribution of animals.

Answer 12

Zoogeography

Question 13

What is the basic unit of biological classification and a taxonomic rank?

Answer 13

Species

Question 14

______ are acommunityof living organisms in conjunction with thenonliving componentsof their environment, interacting as a system.

Answer 14

Ecosystems

Question 15

True or False: Ecosystems refers to both biotic factors as well as abiotic factors, linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

True or False: ecosystems can vary in size.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

True or False: Ecosystems are not self supporting.

Answer 17

False, they are self supporting

Question 18

______ geography is the study of people and their communities, cultures, economies and interactions with the environment by studying their relations with and across space and place.

Answer 18

Human

Question 19

______ geography deals with the study of processes and patterns in the natural environment like the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere.

Answer 19

Physical

Question 20

What was the first eon 4 billion years ago.

Answer 20

Hadean

Question 21

______ and ______ eons followed the hadean eon.

Answer 21

Archean and Proterozoic

Question 22

What three eras make up the Phanerozoic eon?

Answer 22

Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic

Question 23

How old is the earth?

Answer 23

4.54 billion years old

Question 24

The boundary between theCretaceousperiod and palyogene, also known as Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction or K/T extinction is what?

Answer 24

Death of the dinosaurs

Question 25

The 4 historical factors that contributed to species distribution are?

Answer 25

Speciation, extinction, continental drift, and glaciation

Question 26

______ is the splitting of a species by evolution of geographically isolated populations.

Answer 26

Allopatric speciation

Question 27

_____ is the change in genetic composition of a population.

Answer 27

Evolution

Question 28

_____ is the disappearance of a species.

Answer 28

Extinction

Question 29

______ is the movement of populations away from their point of origin, related to migration.

Answer 29

Dispersal

Question 30

______ are geographical regions where a particular disease is prevalent.

Answer 30

Endemic areas

Question 31

______ is the erosion of barriers to biotic dispersal and gene flow, that permit range expansion and the merging of previously isolated biotas.

Answer 31

Geodispersal

Question 32

______ is the geographical area within which that species can be found. Within that range, dispersion is variation in local density.

Answer 32

Range and distribution

Question 33

______ is the formation of barriers to biotic dispersal and gene flow, that tend to subdivide species and biotas, leading to speciation and extinction

Answer 33

Vicariance

Question 34

______ is the ecological state of being unique to a defined geographic location (island, nation or other defined habitat type).

Answer 34

Endemisim

Question 35

______ species concept is that the recognition is based on overall similarity.

Answer 35

Morphological or Typological

Question 36

What are the 2 advantages of the morphological species concept?

Answer 36

Morphology can be readily observed, in many cases without handling or harming the organisms. It is relatively easy to communicate with a whole range of people about morphology.

Question 37

______ species defines a species as members of populations that actually or potentially interbreed in nature.

Answer 37

Biological

Question 38

What are the three disadvantages to the biological species concept?

Answer 38

Many living species - never been observed mating and then those offspring mating and raising viable. Fossils - certainly cannot mate any longer, although we have to classify them. Some living organisms - e.g. bacteria do not have sex but can swap genetic material among themselves.

Question 39

______ species concept defines a species as a group having a shared and unique evolutionary history.

Answer 39

Phylogenetic

Question 40

True or False: The phylogenetic species concept more restrictive than the biological species concept, in that breeding between members of different species does not pose a problem.

Answer 40

False, it is less restrictive