Biogeography Concepts (Week 2 Lecture 1) Flashcards
______ ecology examines the influence of energy and materials on organisms across the biosphere.
Global
______ ecology focuses on the exchanges of energy, materials, and organisms across multiple ecosystems.
Landscape
______ ecology emphasizes energy flow and chemical cycling among the various biotic and abiotic components.
Ecosystem
______ ecology deals with the whole array of interacting species in a community.
Community
______ ecology focuses on factors affecting population size over time.
Population
______ ecology studies how an organism’s structure, physiology, and (for animals) behavior meet environmental challenges.
Organismal
______ is the scientific study of the relationship between plants and animals and their environment.
Ecology
______ ecology is the study of how all organisms interact and survive in their planetary environment.
Global
______ study and analyze the complex interactions between organisms and the world around them in populations, communities andecosystems.
Ecologists
______is the study of the distribution ofspeciesandecosystemsingeographic spaceand throughgeological time.
Biogeography
______ studies the distribution of plants.
Phytogeography
______ studies distribution of animals.
Zoogeography
What is the basic unit of biological classification and a taxonomic rank?
Species
______ are acommunityof living organisms in conjunction with thenonliving componentsof their environment, interacting as a system.
Ecosystems
True or False: Ecosystems refers to both biotic factors as well as abiotic factors, linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.
True
True or False: ecosystems can vary in size.
True
True or False: Ecosystems are not self supporting.
False, they are self supporting
______ geography is the study of people and their communities, cultures, economies and interactions with the environment by studying their relations with and across space and place.
Human
______ geography deals with the study of processes and patterns in the natural environment like the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere.
Physical
What was the first eon 4 billion years ago.
Hadean
______ and ______ eons followed the hadean eon.
Archean and Proterozoic
What three eras make up the Phanerozoic eon?
Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic
How old is the earth?
4.54 billion years old
The boundary between theCretaceousperiod and palyogene, also known as Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction or K/T extinction is what?
Death of the dinosaurs
The 4 historical factors that contributed to species distribution are?
Speciation, extinction, continental drift, and glaciation
______ is the splitting of a species by evolution of geographically isolated populations.
Allopatric speciation
_____ is the change in genetic composition of a population.
Evolution
_____ is the disappearance of a species.
Extinction
______ is the movement of populations away from their point of origin, related tomigration.
Dispersal
______ are geographical regions where a particular disease is prevalent.
Endemic areas
______ is the erosion of barriers tobioticdispersal and gene flow, that permit range expansion and the merging of previously isolatedbiotas.
Geodispersal
______ is the geographical area within which that species can be found. Within that range,dispersionis variation in local density.
Range and distribution
______ is the formation of barriers to biotic dispersal and gene flow, that tend to subdivide species and biotas, leading to speciation and extinction
Vicariance
______ is the ecological state of being unique to a defined geographic location (island, nation or other defined habitat type).
Endemisim
______ species concept is that the recognition is based on overall similarity.
Morphological or Typological
What are the 2 advantages of the morphological species concept?
Morphology can be readily observed, in many cases without handling or harming the organisms.
It is relatively easy to communicate with a whole range of people about morphology.
______ species defines a species as members of populations that actually or potentially interbreed in nature.
Biological
What are the three disadvantages to the biological species concept?
Many living species - never been observed mating and then those offspring mating and raising viable.
Fossils - certainly cannot mate any longer, although we have to classify them.
Some living organisms - e.g. bacteria do not have sex but can swap genetic material among themselves.
______ species concept defines a species as a group having a shared and unique evolutionary history.
Phylogenetic
True or False: The phylogenetic species concept more restrictive than thebiological species concept, in that breeding between members of different species does not pose a problem.
False, it is less restrictive
