Evidence Based Fundamental knowledge and skills

Question 1

Four categories of foreground questions

Answer 1

Intervention
Diagnosis
HArm
PRognosis

Question 2

Treatment effect measures
Relative
vs
Absolute

Answer 2

relative to control
RR
OR/HR
Absolute - effect in entire population
ARR/NNT

Question 3

A clinical practice guideline with explicit encoded steps for use in an electronic health record falls into which level of the hierarchy of evidence:
a.
Synthesis

b.
Study

c.
Synopsis

d.
System

Answer 3

Systems are evidence used in a decision support system in clinical practice

Question 4

ARR

NNT

Answer 4

CER-EER (Control event rate-experimental event rate)

1/ARR

Question 5

RR

RRR

Answer 5

EER/CER

1-RR

Question 6

EER

CER

Answer 6

= a / a+b (risk of event from experimental intervention)

c / c+d (risk of event from control intervention)

Question 7

Meta-analysis is done, summary measures employed

Answer 7

Odds ratio (OR) or relative risk/risk ratio (RR) for dichotomous variables (

Mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) for continuous
variables

Question 8

Recommendations based on grading evidence

Answer 8

Grade A – certainty of evidence is high that the magnitude of net benefits is substantial
* Grade B – certainty of evidence is moderate that the magnitude of net benefits is either
moderate or substantial, or that the certainty of evidence is high that the magnitude of net
benefits is moderate
* Grade C – certainty of the evidence is either high or moderate that the magnitude of net
benefits is small (OBSERVATIONAL)
* Grade D – certainty of the evidence is high or moderate that the magnitude of net benefits is
either zero or negative
* Grade I – the evidence is insufficient to determine the relationship between benefits and harm