Clinical decision making Flashcards
Heuristic add want kind of bias
overestimates the probability of rare disease
Bois funnel
breadth of diff dx refined over course of interaction
–patterns of bias
ascertainment bias
thinking shaped by prior expectation (gender, race)
confirmation bias
tendency to look for confirming evidence
diagnosis momentum
diagnostic considerations get stickier as passed on between clinicans
value induced bias
horrible to miss a brain tumor, must get a head CT
overestimate probability of an outcome based on value of outcome
metacognition
think about how you think
Which of the following statements about decision trees is NOT correct
A circle represents a chance node
b.
A triangle represents an outcome
c.
The sum of probabilities at a decision node must equal 1
d.
A square represents a decision node
Correct. In decision-tree analysis, squares represent decision nodes, circles represent chance nodes, triangles represent outcomes. At each chance node, you model the likelihood of an event occurring based on its probability. Therefore, the sum of the probabilities at a chance node must equal one. Decision nodes do not reflect probabilities and instead represent the decision you’re trying to model or analyze.
Availability bias
overestimating the likelihood of a rare event because of recent, memorable, or vivid examples
value-induced bias
assigning a higher or lower probability of occurrence to an event because of the value you place on the event.
Representativeness
assigning an occurrence to a category because the characteristics of the occurrence closely match the category, while ignoring the baseline rate of the category.
Which of the following statements is true?
Select one:
a.
The test has a specificity of 30%, which means that if the test is negative, there is a 30% chance the condition is absent
b.
The test has a negative predictive value of 70%, which means that if the condition is absent, there is a 70% chance the test will be negative
c.
The test has a positive predictive value of 75%, which means that if the test is positive, there is a 75% chance the condition is present
d.
The test is 90% sensitive, which means that if the test is positive, there is a 90% chance the condition is present
he test has a positive predictive value of 75%, which means that if the test is positive, there is a 75% chance the condition is present
1-specificity?
False positive rate
characterize the ability of a test to discriminate between presence and absence of a condition.
Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis
“precision”
Positive Predictive Value