Ètre et Avoir Flashcards
When to use être?
1.) To be 2.) Être is often followed by an expression of location or a descriptive adjective -Marianne est à la campagne (Marianne is in the country) 3.) When a form of ètre is followed by an adjective, the adjective agrees with the subject of the sentence in gender and number -Les roses rouges sont belles
What happens to definite and indefinite articles when you use être?
The definite and indefinite articles are omitted -Je suis dentiste -Elles sont protestantes? -Chantal est sénégalaise
Examples of être in ownership
With nouns that are modified (accompanied by an adjective or other descriptor), use the indefinite subject pronoun ce (c’est…/ce sont…). With c’est and ce sont, articles or possessive adjectives are always used before a noun. At times, the context will identify the person. -C’est un professeur d’histoire (He’s/She’s a history teacher) -Ce sont mes amies françaises (These/Those are my French friends) -C’est le médecin de mon fils (He’s/She’s/That’s my son’s doctor
When you use c’est or ce sont to describe nationalites what must you include?
You must include the article and capitalize the noun of nationality -Voici Bill. C’est un Américain. (Here’s Bill. He’s an American) -Ce sont des Suisses, de Lausanne. (They’re Swiss, from Lausanne)
How to do negative and what happens with the indefinite article of following noun?
Ne…pas is added and the. Indefinite articles un/une/des become de/d’ after negation. Definite articles le/la/les is always retained after ne…pas. -Marlène n’a pas de bicyclette, et je n’ai pas de voiture -Nous n’avons pas de bagages
How to say -There is… -There are…
Il y a (there is, there are) points out people, ideas, or objects. Il y a is invariable (does not change) in the plural. -Il y a des problèmes dans ce document (There are problems in this document) -Il y a un médecin dans la salle? (Is there a doctor in the room?)
The negative version of there is/there are
The negative of il y a is il n’y a pas de/d’, followed by a singular or plural noun -Il n’y a pas d’arbres dans mon jardin (There aren’t any trees in my garden) -Il n’y a pas de restaurant ouvert? (Isn’t there an open restaurant?)
Expressions that use avoir?
Many ideas conveyed with expression using avoir relate to feelings or sensations.
To be…years old
avoir…ans
To be warm, hot
Avoir chaud
To be cold
Avoir froid
To be hungary
Avoir faim
To be thirsty
Avoir soif
To be sleepy
Avoir sommeil
To feel like
Avoir envie de
To need to
Avoir besoin de
To be afraid of
Avoir peur
To be ashamed of
Avoir honte (de)
To have a pain, an ache
Avoir mal (à)
To be right
Avoir raison
To be wrong
Avoir tort
To seem
Avoir l’are (de)
To be accustomed, used to
Avoir l’habitude de
To be lucky
Avoir de la chance
To take place (an event)
Avoir lieu
How old are you?
Quel âge avez-vous? Or Quel âge as-tu?
How to describe physical characterisitics?
Describe physical characteristics, such as hair and eye color, with avoir definite article (le/la/les/) part of the body.
- Ma mère a les yeux bleus. (My mother has blue eyes)
- Ginette a les cheveux noirs. (Ginette has black hair)
- Lui, il a le front large. (He has a broad forehead)
How to say something hurts?
Say that something hurts by using avoir mal à le/la/l’ part of the body. Use un mal de… to mean a pain or ache.
- J’ai mal à la tête. (I have a headache)
- Il a mal à l’estomac? Ce sont les bonbons… (He has a stomachache? It’s the candy…)
- Après une journée au clavier, elle a mal aux mains. (After a day at the keyboards, her hands hurt.)
- Je souffre de maux de tête fréquents. (I suffer from frequent headaches)
