Ethnicity and Achievement | Internal [1] +[2]

Question 1

[1]What does internal mean in this topic?

Answer 1

Labelling, identities, responses.

Question 2

[1]What is labelling and teacher racism?

Answer 2

To attach someone in a meaning, in this case teachers > students.

Question 3

[1]What are face-to-face interactions?

Answer 3

Between teachers and students, often discussions of behaviour and also where labelling occurs.

Question 4

[1] What do interactionists say aren’t ‘ideal pupils’?

Answer 4

Black and Asian pupils.

Question 5

[1] What do interactionists say about Black behaviour?

Answer 5

Disruptive.

Question 6

[1] What do interactionists say about Asian behaviour?

Answer 6

Passive.

Question 7

Hint: ethnic, future

What can negative labels lead to teachers doing? What could it lead to?

Answer 7

Treating the ethnic minorities differently.
It could lead to failure in the future.

Question 8

about Blacks…

[1] What does Gillborn and Youdell say about ‘racialised expectations’? [What did they expect them to do, racially…?]

Answer 8

Teachers expected Black pupils to present more discipline problems.

Question 9

[1] What was the name given to Black pupils by teachers?

Answer 9

A challenge to authority.

Question 10

actions..

[1] What happened when teachers acted on the ‘racialised expectations’?
Example statement: It led to further c______.

Answer 10

Further conflict and negativity.

Question 11

think about the racial stuff, what does it stem from?

[1] What could Gillborn and Youdell conclude from the conflict between White teachers and Black pupils?

Answer 11

Stems from the racial stereotypes, rather than pupils’ own behaviour.

Question 12

what did the school see them as?

[1]A sociologist called Jenny Bourne concluded that there were high level exclusions from Black boys, why is this?

Answer 12

Schools saw Black boys as a threat and to label them negatively was a normality.

Question 13

What is PRU?

Answer 13

Pupil referral units.

Question 14

[1] What kind of streams are Black pupils are sent in?

Answer 14

Lower.

Question 15

[1] What sociologist found that teachers’ stereotypes of Black pupils as badly behaved could result in them being placed in lower sets and streams?
Hint: Annie [Movie]

Answer 15

Foster.

Question 16

think about reaction and school.

[1] What does streaming do to Black pupils?

Answer 16

Self-fulfilling prophecy- stereotypes, underachievement.

Question 17

[1]Wright’s study of multi-ethnic primary schools shows that Asian pupils can also be victims of teacher labelling. What did she find about the school?
Hint: Eth________

Answer 17

They were ethnocentric. Took for granted the Standard British were superior.

Question 18

[1]Asian pupils also felt isolated when teachers expressed disapproval. What were they considered as, unlike the Black pupils?

Answer 18

A problem that can be ignored.

Question 19

What is Archer’s 3 Pupil Identities?

Answer 19

‘Ideal Pupil’- White, middle-class, heterosexual.
‘Pathologised’ - Asian, deserving poor, feminised asexual identity, oppressed.
‘Demonised’- Black, working-class, hyper-sexualised identity, deprived.

Question 20

[1] What are pupils responses and subcultures?

Answer 20

Ways in which pupils respond to teacher racism.
- disruptive or withdrawn.
- refusing to accept label.
-prove wrong by working hard.

Question 21

[1] What does Fuller and Mac an Ghaill say about rejecting negative labels?
Hint: Black girls, streams etc.
example: Girls felt they had greater academic commitment.

Answer 21

Black girls were high achievers in school and did not let the labels affect them.
They did not seek attention from teachers, especially the ‘racist’ ones.
Mac an Ghaill- study of Black and Asian A level students reached the same conclusion.

Question 22

[1]Mirza: failed strategies for avoiding racism.
What are the 3 teacher racist attitudes?

Answer 22

The color blind- they believe all students are equal but allow racism to be practiced.
Liberal chauvinists- Black students are culturally deprived and have low expectations of them.
The overt racist- Black pupils are inferior and discriminate against them.

Question 23

[1] What does Sewell say about the variety of boys’ responses?
Hint: What are the 4 subcultures? [RCRI]

Answer 23

The rebels- visible and influential, small minority of Black pupils. Rejected goals.
The conformists- largest group, keen to succeed and accepted the school’s goals.
The retreatists- tiny minority, disconnected from school and Black subcultures.
The innovators- second largest group, pro-education, anti-school, valued success but ignored school values.

Question 24

Who are interactionists?

Answer 24

People who focus on small scale, interactions between people.

Question 25

The Critical Race Theory sees racism as an ingrained feature of society. This means that it involves not just the intentional actions of individuals but, more importantly, institutional ________.

Answer 25

Racism.

Question 26

less overt…more….

Carmichael and Hamilton say that institutional racism is….

Answer 26

Less overt, more subtle, less identifiable.

Question 27

you bolt a chain with a key- what did you do to it?

Roithmayr argues that institutional racism is a…..

Answer 27

Locked-in inequality.

Question 28

What does the scale of historical discrimination’s mass mean for discrimination?

what does it no longer need to be?

Answer 28

It no longer needs to be conscious; it feeds on itself.

Question 29

Who studies Marketisation and Segregation?

Answer 29

Gillborn.

Question 30

What does Gillborn argue Marketisation does?

think about advertisement.

Answer 30

Give schools more of a relevancy to select pupils and influence decisions.

Question 31

Who supports Gillborn’s view on Marketisation? What does their study on selection procedures?

Moore and D____________

Answer 31

Moore and Davenport- American research.
Selectins procedures lead to ethnic segregation due to discrimination.
Not getting into schools.

Question 32

Who did the selection procedures favour?

Answer 32

White pupils.

Question 33

think about stereotypes and how this affects ethnic minorities.

What did the Commission for Racial Equality identify?

Answer 33

Biases in Britain.
-reports stereotype minority pupils.
-lack of information and application forms in foreign languages.
-ethnics always on the waiting list.

Question 34

What is the ethnocentric curriculum?

Answer 34

Attitudes or policy that give priority to the culture of one ethnic group, disregarding others.

Question 35

Who argued that languages, literature and music of ethnic minorities were ignored by the National Curriculum?

high school musical basketball player

Answer 35

Troyna and Williams.

Question 36

Who argues that history creates an attitude of ‘little Englandism’ and ignores the history of Black and Asian people?

you roll a….

Answer 36

Ball.

Question 37

Who says that the ethnocentric curriculum may produce underachievement?

not a wire but a…

Answer 37

Coard.

Question 38

Despite the studies about the ethnocentric curriculum, who argues that Black children do not suffer from low-esteem?

not a rock.

Answer 38

Stone.

Question 39

Who states that the assessments are ‘rigged’ and ‘such rules will be changed for ethnic pupils’?

Answer 39

Gillborn.

Question 40

What is the FSP? [a way of measuring pupils].

Answer 40

Foundation stage profile.

Question 41

What did the FSP prove about the assessments based on Black pupils?

Answer 41

They began to underachieve due to the ‘rigged’ nature of it.

Question 42

What is the FSP’s judgement based on? [who?]

Answer 42

Teachers.

Question 43

What did the ‘Gifted and Talented’ programme aim to do?

Answer 43

Meeting the needs of more able pupils in inner-city schools.

Question 44

What did Strand analyse from the Longitudinal Study of Young People [LSYPE]?

think about achievement gap [between whom]?

Answer 44

Black-white achievement gap in maths and science.

Question 45

What is the new ‘IQ-ism’?

negative things internally.

Answer 45

Institutional racism, false assumptions about ethnic groups.

Question 46

What did Tikly et al find in 30 schools in the ‘Aiming High’ initiative to raise Black-Caribbean students’ achievement?

Answer 46

They were never going to be in a higher tier.

Question 47

Gillborn says that potential is a fixed __________.

Answer 47

Quality.

Question 48

What type of school is more likely to use old style IQ?

Answer 48

Secondary schools.

Question 49

Criticisms of Gillborn’s view that ethnic differences in achievement are the result of institutional racism.
What are the two issues they focus on?
1. The underachievement of some minority groups such as black boys.

Answer 49

2.The overachievement of Indian and Chinese pupils.

Question 50

Who rejects Gillborn’s view of Black boys’ underachievement?

Answer 50

Sewell.

Question 51

Who are seen as the ‘Model Minorities’?

Answer 51

Indian and Chinese.

Question 52

What does Evans argue that in order to fully understand the relationship between ethnicity and achievement, what do we need to look at?

Answer 52

Interactions.

Question 53

Connolly studied five and six year olds in a multi-ethnic inner-city primary school, what did this affect?

Answer 53

Achievement.