Ethics and other issues Flashcards
what are perfomance enhancing drugs?
chemical substances that change the chemical balance of the body when taken , affecting performer’s ability/providing an unfair advantage when performing
purpose of beta blockers,which sport will benefit and side effects?
- prevent adrenaline , reducing heart rate - calming/relaxing effect
SPORT : archery, darts - REQUIRE FINE SKILLS/LOW AROUSAL
SIDE EFFECTS : - reduce BP
- increase risk of heart failure
- depression /tiredness
purpose of anabolic steroids ,which sport will benefit and side effects?
- assist with growth/repair of muscles
- help increase muscle mass quickly - increased power/muscle strength
SPORT: sprinters, weightlifters- NEED POWER/ speed up RECOVERY TIME so can train more
SIDE EFFECTS : agression (affect hormone)
high BP
heart disease/liver problems
purpose of diuretics,which sport will benefit and side effects?
- increase amount of water removed from body / reduce weight quickly
SPORT: gymnasts , jockeys need low body mass
- boxersto qualify for lower weight category
SIDE EFECTS : - dehydration
weakened muscles
kidney problems
nausea
purpose of stimulants,which sport will benefit and side effects?
affect CNS - increase physical and mental alertness- reduce pain
- reduce triedness/ improve endurance
SPORT : swimmers, american footballers to train longer/endurance
SIDE EFFECTS : addiction
high BP
heart failure risk /strokes
increased risk of injury, as pain is supressed
doping?
use of illegal substances (PEDs) by athletes to improve performance
what is WADA?
WORLD ANTI DOPING AGENCY
- oversee national anti doping organsiations which are funded/run by govs of competing nations
testing process for PEDs?
- RANDOM SELECTION - called for testing any time
- BLOOD TESTING - 2 samples tested
- URINE SAMPLING - sample provided in view of an official of same gender
- SAMPLE TESTING - samples tested - if sample A is positive athlete is told before testing B
- SANCTIONS
disadvantages of PEDs?
health issues
unfair advantage
morality - role model look bad
sport/athlete loses credibility- not as much funding
lose financial support/sponsors
lose medals/reputation
bans and suspensions
blood doping ?
the misuse of techniques and/or substances to increase performer’s red blood cell count
how is EPO used for blood doping?
EPO is a hormone produced by kidney that can be artifically produced
- helps stimulate production of RBCs to carry more O2 to muscles
- IMPROVED AEROBIC FITNESS
- IMPROVED RECOVERY TIME - train harder, more often
how are blood transfusions used for blood doping?
- blood taken 3-4 weeks before comp/frozen to maintain high haemoglobin levels
- put back in 1-2days before
- body replaces blood taken, then the blood taken is put back in INCREASING RBCS
CANNOT BE DETECTED , unlike EPO
blood doping side effects ?
- blood becomes more viscous - Heart has to work hader –> HEART ATTACK, STOKES, BLOOD CLOT
- risk of **infection **- from injecting others’ blood
- kidney disease - excessive EPO
difference between real risk and perceived risk?
real risk - amount of danger that actually exists in an activity (even after taking control measures)
perceived risk - induvidual’s subjective/personal judgements abt dangers of an activity
how are risks caused?
lack of preparation
limited fitness
behavior
weather
low level skill
bad equip/facilities
minor injury?
injuries that can be delat with at the scene of incident by first aider
what is a blister, cause and treatment
- small pocket of fluid that forms in upper layer of skin
CAUSE : repeated rubbing of skin
- burning
TREATMENT :
unbroken blisters - plaster or gauze pad or dressing
**burst blisters **- wash it/ cover area with dry,sterile dressing
what is a bruise, cause and treatment
bluish / purple coloured patches on skin that appear on skin when cappilaries break/burst underneath
CAUSE : impact with hard object
TREATMENT : cold compressions- reduce swelling/internal bleeding
what is a cut/graze, cause and treatment
cuts - where skin is broken, causin damage to blood vessels
graze - where skin is rubbed off, causing damage to blood vessels
CAUSE : cuts - sharb objects
graze - scraping/rubbing against rough surface
TREATMENT : bandage , towel if bleeding
- once bleeding has stopped, clean wound and cover withd dressing
what is winding, cause and treatment
difficulty in breathing bc of exertion or blow to the stomach
CAUSE : blow to abdomen by ball/hitting , making diaphragm spasm
TREATMENTS: loosen clothing
- sit in crouched position - help muscles relax
what is a muscular injury, treatment
muscle is overstreched or torn (strained) due to overuse
TREATMENT : RICE METHOD/limit training
what is a tendon injury, treatment
- can be overstretched/torn (strained)
- can be inflammed (tendonistis) due to repeated action - e.g tennis elbow
- happen in activity with sudden, sharp movements
treatments : RICE
- Reduce/limit training
- rest and painkillers
what is a ligament injury, treatment
sprain - caused by ligaments being twisted/pulled past range of movemnet
e.g ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) in knee
treatments: RICE
- may need operation
what is a dislocation, treatment
caused by sudden force that moves joint out of position
treatments : RICE
- operation
what is RICE
REST
ICE
COMPRESSION
ELEVATION
RISK equn
severity x likelihood
