Ethics and other issues

Question 1

what are perfomance enhancing drugs?

Answer 1

chemical substances that change the chemical balance of the body when taken , affecting performer’s ability/providing an unfair advantage when performing

Question 2

purpose of beta blockers,which sport will benefit and side effects?

Answer 2

• prevent adrenaline , reducing heart rate - calming/relaxing effect

SPORT : archery, darts - REQUIRE FINE SKILLS/LOW AROUSAL

SIDE EFFECTS : - reduce BP
- increase risk of heart failure
- depression /tiredness

Question 3

purpose of anabolic steroids ,which sport will benefit and side effects?

Answer 3

• assist with growth/repair of muscles
• help increase muscle mass quickly - increased power/muscle strength

SPORT: sprinters, weightlifters- NEED POWER/ speed up RECOVERY TIME so can train more

SIDE EFFECTS : agression (affect hormone)
high BP
heart disease/liver problems

Question 4

purpose of diuretics,which sport will benefit and side effects?

Answer 4

• increase amount of water removed from body / reduce weight quickly

SPORT: gymnasts , jockeys need low body mass
- boxersto qualify for lower weight category

SIDE EFECTS : - dehydration
weakened muscles
kidney problems
nausea

Question 5

purpose of stimulants,which sport will benefit and side effects?

Answer 5

affect CNS - increase physical and mental alertness- reduce pain
- reduce triedness/ improve endurance

SPORT : swimmers, american footballers to train longer/endurance

SIDE EFFECTS : addiction
high BP
heart failure risk /strokes
increased risk of injury, as pain is supressed

Question 6

doping?

Answer 6

use of illegal substances (PEDs) by athletes to improve performance

Question 7

what is WADA?

Answer 7

WORLD ANTI DOPING AGENCY
- oversee national anti doping organsiations which are funded/run by govs of competing nations

Question 8

testing process for PEDs?

Answer 8

1. RANDOM SELECTION - called for testing any time
2. BLOOD TESTING - 2 samples tested
3. URINE SAMPLING - sample provided in view of an official of same gender
4. SAMPLE TESTING - samples tested - if sample A is positive athlete is told before testing B
5. SANCTIONS

Question 9

disadvantages of PEDs?

Answer 9

health issues
unfair advantage
morality - role model look bad
sport/athlete loses credibility- not as much funding
lose financial support/sponsors
lose medals/reputation
bans and suspensions

Question 10

blood doping ?

Answer 10

the misuse of techniques and/or substances to increase performer’s red blood cell count

Question 11

how is EPO used for blood doping?

Answer 11

EPO is a hormone produced by kidney that can be artifically produced
- helps stimulate production of RBCs to carry more O2 to muscles
- IMPROVED AEROBIC FITNESS
- IMPROVED RECOVERY TIME - train harder, more often

Question 12

how are blood transfusions used for blood doping?

Answer 12

• blood taken 3-4 weeks before comp/frozen to maintain high haemoglobin levels
• put back in 1-2days before
• body replaces blood taken, then the blood taken is put back in INCREASING RBCS

CANNOT BE DETECTED , unlike EPO

Question 13

blood doping side effects ?

Answer 13

• blood becomes more viscous - Heart has to work hader –> HEART ATTACK, STOKES, BLOOD CLOT
• risk of **infection **- from injecting others’ blood
• kidney disease - excessive EPO

Question 14

difference between real risk and perceived risk?

Answer 14

real risk - amount of danger that actually exists in an activity (even after taking control measures)
perceived risk - induvidual’s subjective/personal judgements abt dangers of an activity

Question 15

how are risks caused?

Answer 15

lack of preparation
limited fitness
behavior
weather
low level skill
bad equip/facilities

Question 16

minor injury?

Answer 16

injuries that can be delat with at the scene of incident by first aider

Question 17

what is a blister, cause and treatment

Answer 17

• small pocket of fluid that forms in upper layer of skin

CAUSE : repeated rubbing of skin
- burning

TREATMENT :
unbroken blisters - plaster or gauze pad or dressing
**burst blisters **- wash it/ cover area with dry,sterile dressing

Question 18

what is a bruise, cause and treatment

Answer 18

bluish / purple coloured patches on skin that appear on skin when cappilaries break/burst underneath

CAUSE : impact with hard object
TREATMENT : cold compressions- reduce swelling/internal bleeding

Question 19

what is a cut/graze, cause and treatment

Answer 19

cuts - where skin is broken, causin damage to blood vessels
graze - where skin is rubbed off, causing damage to blood vessels

CAUSE : cuts - sharb objects
graze - scraping/rubbing against rough surface

TREATMENT : bandage , towel if bleeding
- once bleeding has stopped, clean wound and cover withd dressing

Question 20

what is winding, cause and treatment

Answer 20

difficulty in breathing bc of exertion or blow to the stomach

CAUSE : blow to abdomen by ball/hitting , making diaphragm spasm

TREATMENTS: loosen clothing
- sit in crouched position - help muscles relax

Question 21

what is a muscular injury, treatment

Answer 21

muscle is overstreched or torn (strained) due to overuse
TREATMENT : RICE METHOD/limit training

Question 22

what is a tendon injury, treatment

Answer 22

• can be overstretched/torn (strained)
• can be inflammed (tendonistis) due to repeated action - e.g tennis elbow
• happen in activity with sudden, sharp movements

treatments : RICE
- Reduce/limit training
- rest and painkillers

Question 23

what is a ligament injury, treatment

Answer 23

sprain - caused by ligaments being twisted/pulled past range of movemnet
e.g ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) in knee

treatments: RICE
- may need operation

Question 24

what is a dislocation, treatment

Answer 24

caused by sudden force that moves joint out of position

treatments : RICE
- operation

Question 25

what is RICE

Answer 25

REST
ICE
COMPRESSION
ELEVATION

Question 26

RISK equn

Answer 26

severity x likelihood