Ethics And Deciance In Sport Flashcards
What is blood doping?
A process that increases a person’s red blood cell count. Allows extra oxygen to be transported into the working muscles.
Commonly involves the removal of approximately 2 pints of the athletes blood several weeks prior to the competition.
The blood is then frozen until 1-2 days before the competition, when it is thawed and injected back into the athlete.
Who is blood doping most commonly used by?
Endurance athletes such as distance runners and cyclists.
What are examples of PEDs?
Anabolic steroids - enable performers to train harder for longer, increases strength and aggression.
Beta blockers - these help to control heart rate and keep athletes calm.
Stimulants - these work as a brain stimulant, which increases alertness for sports people. An example is amphetamines
Examples of other prohibited classes of substances:
- narcotic analgesics
- anabolic agents
- diuretics
- peptide hormones, mimetics and analogues
- substances with anti oestrogenic activity
- masking agents
What are some examples of legal supplements?
- Creatine
- Energy gels
- Isotonic sports drinks
What are some advantages of legal supplements?
They increase strength, recovery and performance
What are some disadvantages of taking legal supplements?
- they can contain banned substances or be contaminated during manufacturing
- some may not be what they seem (incorrect packaging)
- sugar in drinks can have negative effects on body (tooth decay)
- some may argue that taking supplements is not in the spirit of fair play
Why do elite performers use illegal drugs and doping?
- pressure to succeed (form coaches, friends or family)
- political pressures (governments want to win)
- monetary rewards
- attracting sponsorship
- ‘everyone else is taking them’ attitude
What are some strategies to reduce the use of illegal drugs and doping in sport?
WADA:
Formed in 1999 with responsibility for drug testing, draws up the list of banned substances, provides assistance to countries own anti-doping programmes.
- Regular and random drug tests
- Athletes educated about both the health and law implications as a deterrence
- Make punishments much more severe and longer lasting. E.g. life bans + strip athletes of awards.
- Make PEDs legal
what is the definition of violence?
Intense physical force that is directed towards harming another individual or groups of individuals and can cause injury or death.
What are some causes of violence in sport?
- ‘Win at all costs’ mentality
- Frustration or feeling threatened
- the physical nature and high arousal levels of some sports e.g. rugby
- The consumption of alcohol or drugs in supporters
- Steroids in performers ‘roid rage’
- Rivalries
- Supporters may copy violence they see on the pitch
- Deindividuation
- Hooligansim
What does deindividuation mean?
When you lose your sense of being an individual; this can cause violent behaviour.
What are some implications of violence in sport?
- Many people believe that sport should be recognised as a mirror to our society and if violence is to be tackled in sport then violent behaviour in society must be tackled.
- Many people enjoy watching violence in sport such as ice hockey, rugby and football.
- Some people believe that violence in sport should be treated the same as in normal society e.g. Jail time
- Relationships at home can be tested by situations of high pressure - in this case a sports competition on the TV.
In the 2010 world cup there was a large spike in domestic abuse across the globe.
What are some strategies to prevent violence?
- Performers should be educated to control emotions and stress levels.
- fair play should be promoted further.
- Punishments ranging from fines to bans to criminal investigations.
- Good officiating
- Coaching and managerial influence
Supporters:
- CCTV
- Police handheld cameras
- Promoting friendship between rival supporters
