Energy systems - (ATP-PC system, Glycolytic system and Aerobic system)

Question 1

How long does it take to recover the PC system?

Answer 1

2-3 mins

Question 2

What is ATP

Answer 2

Adenosine Triphosphate

1 adenosine
3 phosphates

Question 3

How does ATP power muscles?

Answer 3

One phosphate splits off which releases energy needed

Question 4

How long can ATP be used for?

Answer 4

2 secs

Question 5

What kind of reaction is the ATP breakdown?

Answer 5

Exothermic

Question 6

What kind of reaction is the ATP resynthesis?

Answer 6

Endothermic

Question 7

What is ATP resynthesis?

Answer 7

When energy from the surrounding area is absorbed to rebuild the high-energy bond between ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and a single phosphate.

Question 8

What is adenosine diphosphate?

Answer 8

When ATP loses one phosphate the result is adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and one phosphate.

Question 9

When is the ATP system in use?

Answer 9

When doing anaerobic/maximal work.

Question 10

what is creatine kinase?

Answer 10

An enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of the immediately available fuel phosphocreatine.

Question 11

Where is phosphocreatine (PC) broken down?

Answer 11

Anaerobically in the sarcoplasm.

Question 12

What is the coupled reaction formed?

Answer 12

Where the breakdown of PC releases a free phosphate and energy which can then be used to resynthesise ATP.

Question 13

How long does it take for PC stores to be used up?

Answer 13

Approximately 8 secs
Can be up to 10 secs

Question 14

What is the site of the reaction in the Glycolytic system?

Answer 14

The sarcoplasm.

Question 15

What is the food fuel used in the Glycolytic system?

Answer 15

Glycogen/glucose

Question 16

What are the controlling enzymes in the Glycolytic system?

Answer 16

PFK and LDH

Question 17

What is the ATP yield of the Glycolytic system?

Answer 17

1 mole of glycogen yields 2 moles of ATP (1:2)

Question 18

What are the specific stages of the Glycolytic system?

Answer 18

Glycolysis

Question 19

what are the bi-products of the Glycolytic system?

Answer 19

Lactic acid

Question 20

Intensity of activity needed in the Glycolytic system?

Answer 20

High intensity

Question 21

What is the duration of the Glycolytic system?

Answer 21

Up to 3 mins depending on intensity

Question 22

Strengths of the Glycolytic system?

Answer 22

No delay for oxygen and large fuel stores in the liver, muscles and blood stream.
Relatively fast fuel breakdown for ATP resynthesis.
Provides energy for high-intensity activities for up to 3 mins.
Lactic acid can be recycled into fuel for further energy production.

Question 23

Weaknesses of the Glycolytic system?

Answer 23

Fatiguing by-product lactic acid reduces pH and enzyme activity.
Relatively low ATP yield and recovery can be lengthy.

Question 24

The aerobic system utilises around 95% of the potential energy in glucose through three distinct stages.
What are they?

Answer 24

1) Aerobic glycolysis
2) Kreb’s cycle
3)Electron transport chain (ETC)

Question 25

What type of reaction is the Glycolytic system?

Answer 25

Anaerobic (without the presence of oxygen)

Question 26

What type of reaction is the ATP-PC system?

Answer 26

Anaerobic

Question 27

What is the site of reaction for the ATP-PC system?

Answer 27

Sarcoplasm

Question 28

What is the food fuel used in the ATP-PC system?

Answer 28

Phosphocreatine

Question 29

What is the controlling enzyme in the ATP-PC system?

Answer 29

Creatine kinase

Question 30

What is the ATP yield of the ATP-PC system?

Answer 30

1 mole of PC yields 1 mole of ATP (1:1)

Question 31

What are the specific stages of the ATP-PC system?

Answer 31

Coupled reaction

Question 32

What are the bi-products of the ATP-PC system?

Answer 32

None

Question 33

What are the strengths of the ATP-PC system?

Answer 33

No delay for oxygen. PC readily available in the muscle cell. Simple and rapid breakdown of PC and resynthesis of ATP. Provides energy for very high intensity activities. No fatiguing by-products and simple compounds aid fast recovery.

Question 34

What is the intensity of the ATP-PC system?

Answer 34

Very high intensity

Question 35

What is the duration of the ATP-PC system?

Answer 35

2-10 seconds

Question 36

What are the weaknesses of the ATP-PC system?

Answer 36

Low ATP yield and small PC stores lead to rapid fatigue after 8-10 seconds.

Question 37

What is aerobic glycolysis in the aerobic system?

Answer 37

The breakdown of Carbohydrates (in the form of Glucose or Glycogen) into Pyruvic acid and two ATP molecules.

Question 38

What type of reaction is the aerobic system?

Answer 38

Aerobic (with the presence of oxygen)

Question 39

Where is the site of reactions in the aerobic system?

Answer 39

Sarcoplasm, cristae and the mitochondria

Question 40

What is the food fuel used in aerobic system?

Answer 40

Glycogen/glucose

Question 41

What is the controlling enzyme in the aerobic system?

Answer 41

PFK

Question 42

What is the ATP yield in the aerobic system?

Answer 42

1 mole of glycogen yields up to 38 moles of ATP (1:38)

Question 43

What are the specific stages of the aerobic system?

Answer 43

Glycolysis, link reaction, kreb's cycle, elctron transport chain

Question 44

What are the bi-products of the aerobic system?

Answer 44

CO2 and H2O

Question 45

What is the intensity needed for the aerobic system?

Answer 45

Low-moderate/sub-maximal intensity

Question 46

What is the duration of the aerobic system?

Answer 46

3 minutes onwards

Question 47

What are the strengths of the aerobic system?

Answer 47

Large fuel stores; triglycerides, FFAs, glycogen and glucose. High ATP yield and long duration of energy production. No fatiguing bi-products.

Question 48

What are the weaknesses of the aerobic system?

Answer 48

Delay for oxygen delivery and complex series of reactions. Slow energy production limits activity to sub-maximal intensity. Triglycerides or FFAs demand around 15% more O2 for breakdown.