Estonian 9 Flashcards
Chapter: What a sunny day! Lessons: - Weather forecast - what did you do yesterday? - What shall I wear?
1
Q
Weather forecast
A
Ilmateade
2
Q
The weather today is cloudy. (overcast)
A
Täna on pilves ilm.
3
Q
It’s raining (rain and slush) everywhere in Estonia.
A
Kõikjal Eestis sajab vihma ja lörtsi.
4
Q
to blow
A
puhuma
5
Q
wind
A
tuul
6
Q
The wind is (blowing) from the north seven to twelve meters per second.
A
Puhub põhjatuul seitse kuni kaksteist meetrit sekundis.
7
Q
weak
weaker
weakly
A
nõrk
nõrgem
nõrgalt
8
Q
“veidi” vs “natuke”
A
“Veidi” and “natuke” both mean “a little” or “a bit,” but there are some slight differences in usage:
-
“Veidi” – Slightly more formal or neutral. Often used in written language or polite speech.
- Example: Kas soovite veidi kohvi? (Would you like a little coffee?)
- Example: Mul on veidi aega enne loengu algust. (I have a little time before the lecture starts.)
-
“Natuke” – More colloquial and informal. Used more often in everyday speech.
- Example: Ma olen natuke väsinud. (I am a little tired.)
- Example: Lisa natuke soola supile. (Add a little salt to the soup.)
In most cases, they are interchangeable, but “veidi” might sound a bit more refined or formal, while “natuke” is more casual.
9
Q
To add
A
Lisada
10
Q
plus
A
pluss
11
Q
degree
A
kraadi
12
Q
air
A
õhk
13
Q
temperature
A
temperatuuri
14
Q
The temperature varies (lit. is) from one to three degrees above zero.
A
Õhutemperatuur on pluss üks kuni pluss kolm kraadi.
15
Q
cloud
A
pilv
16
Q
snow
A
lumi
17
Q
to snow
A
lund sadama
18
Q
kohati
A
sometimes, in places
19
Q
It’s snowing with occasional blizzards.
A
Sajab lund, kohati tuiskab.
20
Q
island
on the island
A
saar
saarel
21
Q
The wind is (blowing) from the west ten to fifteen, on the islands up to twenty three meters per second.
A
Puhub läänetuul kümme kuni viisteist, saartel kuni kakskümmend kolm meetrit sekundis.
22
Q
minus
A
miinus
23
Q
The temperature is between zero and minus four.
A
Õhutemperatuur on null kuni miinus neli kraadi.
24
Q
Warning
A
Hoiatus
25
Caution / Carefulness
ettevaatus
26
"hoiatus" vs "ettevaatus"
"**Hoiatus**" and "**ettevaatus**" both relate to caution, but they have different meanings and usage:
1. **"Hoiatus"** – *Warning*
- Refers to an alert or message that informs someone of danger or risk.
- Example: *See on viimane hoiatus enne karistust!* (This is the last warning before punishment!)
- Example: *Tormihoiatus anti välja eile õhtul.* (A storm warning was issued last night.)
2. **"Ettevaatus"** – *Caution / Carefulness*
- Refers to a person's careful behavior or taking precautions to avoid danger.
- Example: *Ettevaatus on parem kui kahetsus.* (Caution is better than regret.)
- Example: *Sõida libedaga ettevaatusega!* (Drive with caution on icy roads!)
Summary:
- *Hoiatus* = a **warning** given to someone.
- *Ettevaatus* = **cautious behavior** or **taking precautions**.
27
slippery
libe
28
to slip
libisema
29
Be cautious, the roads are slippery!
Ettevaatust, maanteed on libedad!
30
Meteorologist (weather person)
Ilmateadustaja
31
clear
selge
32
sun
sunny
päike
päikeseline
33
The weather today is sunny with clear skies.
Täna on päikesepaisteline selge ilm.
34
(in) southwest
edalasse
35
southeast
kagusse
36
The wind is (blowing) from south and southeast.
Puhub lõuna- ja kagutuul.
37
The temperature is two to eight degrees above zero.
Sooja on kaks kuni kaheksa kraadi.
38
At night the temperature will fall to zero.
Öösel langeb temperatuur null kraadini.
39
cold
külm
40
night frost
öökülm
41
danger
oht
42
There is a possibility of frost during the night.
Püsib öökülma oht.
43
Today is partly cloudy weather.
Täna on vahelduva pilvisusega ilm.
44
at times
kohati
45
rain
sadu
46
heavy
heavier
heavily
raske
raskemad
tugevalt
47
There will be occasional showers, in some places the rain is heavy.
Sajab hoovihma, kohati on sadu tugev.
48
to rise
tõusma
49
to fall
kukkuda
50
to increase
suurendada
51
to decrease
vähendada
52
thunderstorm
äikesetorm
53
There is a possibility of thunderstorms. (lit. Thunderstorms apear probably)
Võib esineda äikest. (esinema = to appear)
54
During the day the temperature in northern Estonia reaches up to twenty one degrees
Põhja-Eestis on päeval sooja kuni kakskümmend üks kraadi
55
In southern Estonia the temperatures can rise up to twenty eight degrees above zero.
Lõuna-Eestis võib õhutemperatuur tõusta kuni kahekümne kaheksa kraadini.
56
Attention!
Tähelepanu!
57
damage
kahju
58
hazard
oht
59
fire
tulekahju
60
fire hazard
tuleoht
61
North east
South east
South west
North west
Kirre
Kagu
Edel
Loe
62
Northern
Southern
Eastern
Western
North-eastern
South-eastern
South-western
North-western
Central
Põhja
Lõuna
Ida
Lääne
Kirde
Kagu
Edela
Loode
Kesk
63
Grammar: Correct format for writing compas + country i.e northern Estonia, southern England
Both beginnings are capital, i.e:
Põhja-Eesti
Lõuna-Inglismaa
64
What's the weather like?
Milline on ilm?
65
What's the weather like today?
Missugune ilm täna on?
66
The weather is nice today.
Täna on ilus ilm.
67
Today, it's rainy.
Täna on vihmane ilm.
68
Grammar: It's raining ...
We use Sajab + 3rd form of weather
Sajab (vihm**a**, lörts**i**, **lund**)
69
fog
udu
70
storm
torm
71
thunderstorm
äike
72
Grammar: An indirect way of saying minus or plus degree
above zero: sooja
below zero: külma
Täna on kaksteist kraadi külma.
73
Grammar: temreture range
add "kuni", i.e:
kaksteist kuni kolmteist
74
Ther's a blizzard. (snow storm)
Tuiskab.
75
There's a storm
On torm.
76
It's freezing.
On pakane.
77
It's thawing. (snow is melting)
On sula.
78
It thunders. (No lightning)
Müristab
79
The sky is cloudy.
Taevas on pilvine.
80
rainbow
vikerkaar
81
Wind
The wind is blowing.
tuul
Puhub tuul.
82
sun
Sun is shining.
päike
Paisab päike.
83
Rain
It's raining
Vihm
Sajab vihma.
84
Hail
it's raining hail
Rahe
Sajab rahet.
85
slush
It's raining slush.
Lört
Sajab lörtsi
86
snow
it's snowing
lumi
Sajab lund.
87
lightning
The lightning strikes.
välk
Lööb välku.
88
hot weather
palav ilm
89
warm weather
soe ilm
90
There's snow on the ground.
Lumi on maas.
91
When it's freezing outside, and there's snow on the ground, how do you describe the weather?
Ilm on pakaseline.
92
To express
expression
out
väljendada
välje
välja
93
cool weather (chilly)
jahe ilm
94
camp
laager, -i
95
What did you do in the camp? (formal)
Mida te laagris tegite?
96
We just had a meal.
Me just sõime.
97
sleep
sleepy
magama
unine
98
gravy
kaste
99
How do you like it in the camp?
Kuidas sulle laagris meeldib?
100
It’s quite cool.
Täitsa lahe on.
101
bonfire
lõke
102
Yesterday we had a bonfire and I washed myself in a sauna for the first time in my life!
Eile tegime lõket ja ma pesin ennast esimest korda elus saunas.
103
elk
põdrad
104
We saw an elk!
me nägime põtra!
105
I drank four bottles of lemonade yesterday!
ma jõin eile neli pudelit limonaadi!
106
tropical
troopiline
107
We were on a tropical island.
Olime troopilisel saarel.
108
finally
lõpuks
109
You are finally back home!
Oled lõpuks jälle kodus!
110
So how did it go?
No kuidas siis läks?
111
Where exactly were you these two weeks?
Kus sa siis täpsemalt olid see kaks nädalat?
112
In general it wasn’t too bad
Üldiselt polnud viga
113
colleague
kolleeg
114
throat
kurgus
115
I might have caught a cold, (my) throat is sore.
Sain vist külma, kurk on valus.
116
last month
eelmisel kuul
117
century
sajandil
118
Grammar: Past tense, 1. imperfect
add -si (-s) or -i
only 15 verbs take "-i":
group 1:
olema -> olin, tulema -> tulin, tegema -> tegin, panema (to put) -> panin, pesema -> pesin, surema (to die) -> surin, nägema -> nägin, pidama (must, to have to) -> pidin,
Example: Ma nägin Merilyn Monroe**d**.
group 2:
jääma (to stay) -> jäin, saama (to get) -> sain
Example: Ma sain auto.
group 3:
sööma -> sõin, lööma (to kick) -> lõin, tooma (to bring) -> tõin, looma (to create) -> lõin, jooma -> jõin
Example: Ma jõin šampus**t**.
119
gift (n.)
kingitus
120
compote
kompott
121
Have you recovered yet?
Kas te saite juba terveks?
122
sick
haigeks
123
I brought this for you.
Ma tõin selle sulle.
124
My child caught a cold at camp.
minu laps sai laagris külma
125
What are you wearing?
Mis sul seljas on?
126
So and where are you going now?
No ja kuhu sina nüüd lähed?
127
A skirt? Why so short?
Seelik? Miks nii lühike?
128
Otherwise mom and I will start worrying.
Muidu me hakkame emaga muretsema.
129
Make sure that you'll ...
Vaata, et sa siis
130
It's fashionable at the moment.
See on praegu moes.
131
Then that's another thing.
Siis on iseasi.
132
What should I wear (put on)?
Mis ma selga pean panema?
133
Let’s go fishing on Saturday!
Lähme laupäeval kalale!
134
Good idea!
Hea mõte!
135
boat
paat
136
It's cold in the boat.
Paadis on külm.
137
windproof jacket
tuulekindel jope
138
just in case
igaks juhuks
139
I don't have anything to wear.
Mul pole jälle midagi selga panna.
140
Are going to the company’s Christmas party on Friday?
Kas sa reedel firma jõulupeole lähed?
141
there’s still time till Friday, let’s go shopping.
reedeni on veel aega, lähme šoppama
142
I’ll help you choose.
Ma aitan valida.
143
I put the blouse on.
I have the blouse on.
I take the blouse off.
Panen pluusi selga.
Mul on pluus seljas.
Võtan pluusi seljast ära.
144
Grammar: When talking about "putting something on" what is different in Estonian from English?
In Estonian we need to mention "where" on the body we are putting it on or taking it off. For example:
I put the hat on -> Ma panen mütsi **pähe** (I put the hat on the head.)
I have the hat on -> Mul on müts **peas**. (I have the had on the head.)
Ma võtan mütsi **peast** ära. (I take the hat off the head)
