Equipment Operation - Notes Flashcards
What are the 2 choices of carrier gas in a gas chromatograph analyzer?
Usually helium. Neon is used when measuring lung volumes and diffusing capacity.
What gases does a gas chromatograph measure? How?
Ne - neon
O2 - oxygen
N2 - nitrogen
CO - carbon monoxide
The gases move through a separator column which makes the molecules exit at different speeds depending on their size.
Is gas chromatography capable of breath by breath analysis?
Yes. It is fast.
Is mass spectrometry faster than gas chromatography?
Yes.
Is mass spectrometry capable of breath by breath analysis?
Yes.
A separator column is associated with what?
Gas chromatograph
“infrared” and “chopper motor” are associated with what type of equipment?
Infrared absorption analyzer
What gases does an infrared analyzer measure?
CO, CO2, and methane (CH4)
Which type of lung test is best analyzed with an infrared absorption analyzer?
DLCO.
How do you calibrate an infrared analyzer?
Calibrate to room air and a known CO concentration (0.3%) then re-zero.
“thermal conductivity” “wheatstone bridge” are associated with what gas?
Helium.
Note: helium is inert and you should never use flammable gases for thermal conductivity.
A geissler tube ionizer is associated with what gas?
Nitrogen
Can a geissler tube ionizer provide breath by breath analysis?
Yes. It is fast.
How do you calibrate a geissler tube ionizer for nitrogen measurement?
Calibrate to zero N2 by using 100% oxygen, and then with a known nitrogen concentration.
What blood gas analyzer electrode measures PCO2?
The Severinghaus electrode measures PCO2 in blood gas analyzers.
A Severinghaus electrode contains a ___ spacer and a ___ membrane.
A Severinghaus electrode contains a NYLON spacer and a TEFLON membrane.
Platinum cathode Silver-silver anode Polypropylene membrane Polarizing voltage Pumice for cleaning (because polypropylene attracts protein)
What electrode is associated with the terms above?
The Clark electrode, which measures O2.
Clark electrode:
What type of membrane will result in insufficient diffusion of oxygen?
A mylar membrane
Which electrode measures pH and requires a potassium chloride buffer (KCl)?
The Sanz electrode measures pH and requires a KCl buffer.
What are the 2 electrodes contained within the Sanz electrode?
The reference electrode and the measurement electrode. The difference in voltage between both is proportional to the pH difference.
What are the balance and slope (aka low and high) calibration values for pH on a blood gas analyzer?
Low value is 6.840
High value is 7.384
What are the PCO2 calibration values (low and high) for a blood gas analyzer?
Low value is 5%
High value is 10%
Name 2 CO2 scrubbers
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) Barium hydroxide (BaOH2)
Sodium hydroxide changes from what color to what color when new/exhausted?
from light brown to white, or cream to violet
Barium hydroxide changes from what color to what color when new/exhausted?
Barium hydroxide starts white and goes purple when exhausted.
What do CO2 scrubbers produce when converting CO2?
Water. You should always place a dessicant (calcium sulfate “CaSO4” or “Drierite”) After the CO2 scrubber to soak up the moisture.
A Fleisch pneumotachometer is also known as a ___ ___ tachometer, and is better choice than a Wright respirometer.
Pressure differential tachometer.
A pediatric (aka, low range) peak flow meter measures what range of flows?
An adult (aka, high range) peak flow meter measures what range of flows?
300 - 400 L for peds/low range
600 - 800 L for adults/high range
How often should you calibrate a volume measuring spirometer according to the ATS-ERS standards?
Daily.
What is the ideal breathing pattern when using an SVN?
Slow deep inhalation with a brief breath hold, followed by a passive exhalation.
If a patient cannot correctly use an MDI, what type of device should you recommend?
An SVN.
A properly calibrated ECG should produce a __mm deflection with 1 millivolt, and should travel at a paper speed of __mm a second.
1 millivolt should produce a 10mm deflection (1cm) on an ECG tracing, and the paper speed should be at 25mm/sec.
Why is lead II the best lead?
It fires down and to the left, just like natural electrical conductance in the heart.
Where are the negative and positive electrodes in lead II (aka the best lead)?
Right arm is negative
Left leg is positive
current flows from negative to positive
What “V” is the best chest lead? Why?
V5. It sits directly on top of the left ventricle.
A water barometer is also known as a ___
U-tube
Information systems equipment:
A ___ takes a flow signal and turns it into a volume
Integrator
This chemical method of disinfection and sterilization is preferred for flexible bronchoscopes and reusable plastics (mouthpeices, tubing, nebulizers, humidifiers.)
What is Cidex (Alkaline glutaraldehyde)
This chemical method of disinfection and sterilization is best used for blood spills.
What is bleach.
Do not answer, just note the following:
Physical methods of disinfection and cleaning such as:
Steam autoclave
Pasteurization
Incineration
Irradiation
Are always the wrong answer on the exam.
Don’t forget…
