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Equine Nutrition I Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the equine GIT is missing?

A

gall bladder - bile flows constantly if eating continuously

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2
Q

where does fermentation occur in horses?

A

cecum and LI (hindgut)

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3
Q

what are the products of fermentation?

A

volatile FA - acetate, proprionate, butyrate

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4
Q

where are high quality versus low quality proteins digested?

A

high quality - SI, low quality - LI

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5
Q

where are most hydrolyzable carbs digested and absorbed?

A

SI

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6
Q

what are non structural carbohydrates?

A

simple sugars, starch, fructans

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7
Q

what are structural carbohydrates?

A

cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin

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8
Q

what are hydrolyzable carbohydrates?

A

simple sugars, non resistant starches, digested in SI

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9
Q

what are rapidly fermentable carbs?

A

microbial digestion in LI, resistant starches and some oligosaccharides (fructans!)

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10
Q

what are slowly fermentable carbs?

A

microbial digestion in LI, hemicellulose and some cellulose

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11
Q

what is pasture usually a mixture of?

A

grasses and legumes

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12
Q

is pasture sufficient for growing foals, lactating mares, or horses in training?

A

no, often insufficient

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13
Q

what % of grass is dry matter and water?

A

90% water, 10% dry matter

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14
Q

what % of hay is DM and water?

A

90% DM, 10% water

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15
Q

what is a common feeding method for horses?

A

batch/meal feed horses - hay and grain in morning and evening, low amount of water ingested

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16
Q

how quickly can a horse eat sufficient daily intake on good pasture?

A

within 4 hours

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17
Q

Why are multiple pastures and using pasture rotation strategies ideal?

A

helps with parasite control and prevents over or under grazing

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18
Q

which category contains resistant starches and fructans?

A

rapidly fermentable carbs

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19
Q

what are advantages and disadvantages of kentucky blue grass?

A

adv: palatable, grazed close to ground, nutritious
disadv: not as productive, slow grow in hot weather

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20
Q

how can you tell if a pasture is adequate?

A

monitor condition of horses and pasture, estimate pasture intake, forage analysis

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21
Q

what is included in the “fiber” portion of a forage analysis?

A

lignin, ADF (cellulose and lignin), NDF (lignin, hemicellulose, cellulose)

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22
Q

what are water soluble carbs?

A

simple sugars, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, some polysaccharides, fructans

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23
Q

what are ethanol soluble carbs?

A

subset of WSC, determines glycemic response

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24
Q

what are non fiber carbs?

A

calculated value: 100-CP-fat-NDF-ash

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25
what is relative feed value?
relative to value of 100, alfalfa is ideal, >100 = better
26
what should be avoided for patients with laminitis, cushings, and ulcers
hays high in WSC, ESC, and starch
27
ideally, when should hay be fed to horses?
feed by weight after nutritional analysis performed
28
what is dry matter?
dry portion of feed minus water - contains protein, energy, vitamins, minerals
29
weight of feed on a DM basis will be _____ compared to feed on an as fed basis
LESS
30
concentration of nutrients on a DM basis will be _____ compared to an as-fed basis because there is no water
HIGHER
31
when do we use an "as-fed" basis?
when we need to know how much feed to give an animal or provide a certain amount of energy/protein or how much feed to purchase
32
what is dry matter intake?
total pounds of all feed devoid of moisture consumed over the course of one day
33
What is the only accurate basis for determining intake of nutrients?
DMI
34
what is the average DMI for horses at maintenance?
1.5-2% BW
35
what is the average DMI for horses at peak lactation?
3% of BW
36
what is the average DMI for growing horses
2-3.5% of BW
37
a 1050 pound horse at maintenance eating 1.75% of BW, what is the DMI of this horse?
1050 * 0.175 = 18.28 lbs of dry matter consumed
38
if a 1050 lb horse is eating all its DM in pasture grass, how many lbs of pasture would it consume to get the 18.28 lbs of DM/d? Pasture is 20%
18.28 lb DM / 0.20 DM = 91.88 lbs pasture as fed
39
if this horse was given 1.5 lbs of grain/day, how much DM would it consume? grain is 90% dm
1.5 lbs grain * 0.90 = 1.35 lbs grain DM
40
how should we feed grain to horses?
weigh the grain, don't rely on volume
41
a horse weighs 1050 lbs and eat 1.8% of her BW/day. How much DM is she eating?
1050 * 0.018 = 18.9 lbs of DM
42
what are textured feeds?
often have molasses added to increase palatability and decrease dust (aka sweet feed)
43
what are pelleted feeds?
better utilization and digestibility, more uniform distribution, unable to sort
44
How does feeding change for lactating horses, weanlings, yearlings, and working horses?
have 1+ extra bowls, feed 2-3 times per day, increase amount of concentrate during growth or if grass is not available/mature
45
for horses, how are energy requirements calculated?
digestible energy (DE)
46
what is digestible energy?
accounts for energy lost in poop
47
what is metabolizable energy?
accounts for energy lost in gasses and pee
48
what is net energy?
most accurate - accounts for energy lost in heat
49
which energy requirement is used for maintenance, lactation, growth, and work?
NE
50
what is the average maintenance requirement of horses 600kg or less?
16.4 Mcal/d
51
what is the energy requirement for lactation for first 3 months?
maintenance requirement + 75% (16.4 + (16.4 * 0.75))
52
what is the energy requirement for moderate work?
maintenance requirement + 50%
53
what is the energy requirement for light work?
maintenance requirement + 25%
54
what is the energy requirement for intense work?
maintenance requirement + 100%
55
what is light work defined as?
quiet hacking 1-3 times a week, light schooling, occasional competitions
56
which work load does this define? hard schooling sessions, regular show jumping, endurance, racing, 3-day events
heavy work
57
a 500kg horse if doing moderate work. what is his DER?
16.4 Mcal/d + (16.4 * 0.5) = 24.6 Mcal/d
58
a 975 lb horse is doing light work. what is her DER?
16.4 Mcal/d + (16.4 * 0.25) = 20.5 Mcal/d
59
a hay contains 0.89 Mcal DE/lb DM. how much hay DM would the 975 lb horse doing light work need to eat to maintain BW? (DER 20.5 Mcal/d)
(20.5 Mcal/d)/0.89 Mcal/lb DM = 23.03 lb hay
60
the hay is 91% DM. how much hay will the horse need to eat on an AF basis? (23.03 lbs hay DM)
23.03 lbs hay DM / 0.91 = 25.31 lbs hay as fed

Nutrition (16 decks)

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