Dairy nutrition III Flashcards
which amino acids are limiting in most feeds for dairy moos?
lsyine and methionine
which protein substitutes provide extra lysine and methionine?
soybean meal, dried brewers grain, blood or fish meal
what may be fed to dairy moos as a form of protein?
rumen-protected AA
what does high fat in rations interfere with?
interfere with fiber digestion
what can fish meal do to milk fat at high inclusion rates?
can reduce milk fat
as dietary protein increases, what also increases?
N excretion as urea in urine increases
at 18% protein, how many grams of N are excreted as pee pee?
228 g
what percentage of high quality protein should be offered in most diary rations?
16-18% high quality protein
what are the consequences of overfeeding protein to dairy moos?
infertility
lameness
how does excess protein lead to infertility?
excess ammonia/urea can delay maturation of oocyte or developing embryos
how does excess protein lead to lameness?
excess protein can lead to fermentation product that impacts foot health
why is it important to balance RDP/NP and energy levels in the rumen?
microbes need energy from diet to use N from diet and avoid ammonia accumulation (can lead to increased blood ammonia)
what does excess ammonia production result from?
result of excess RDP, soluble protein, or NPN
what ingredient may be used to supplement lysine and methionine but is not very palatable?
fish meal
what does excess ammonia do to the liver?
can overwhelm liver’s ability to convert NH3 to urea and will lead to increased BUN
what does excess BUN cause to the embryo?
direct toxic effects
what are the major macro minerals that are required in the diet and usually need to be supplemented?
Ca, P, Mg
what are the major macro-minerals in the diet that don’t need to be supplemented?
K, Cl, S
which mineral, if high in forages, negatively affects Ca homeostasis in transition moos and early lactation moos
K+
which mineral, if high in forages, negatively affects ability of Mg in forages?
K+
True or false: calcium should be supplemented below NRC requirements?
false - above NRC requirements
if adding fats in ration, what should Ca and Mg be increased by?
20-25%
True or false: Ca:P ratios are equally as important as meeting requirements for Ca and P?
no, Ca:P ratios are not as important as meeting requirements for Ca and P
true or false: calcium drops faster than P as plants mature
false; P levels in plants drop faster than Ca as plant matures
