Dairy Nutrition I

Question 1

What are the two basic rules of dairy production?

Answer 1

make more milk, reduce costs

Question 2

how much DM/d does a holstein cow consume in peak lactation?

Answer 2

3.7% of BW

Question 3

what does TMR (total mixed ration) usually contain?

Answer 3

corn silage, hay, ground corn, soybean meal, by product feeds, vitamins and mineral

Question 4

what is a portable milker?

Answer 4

<20 moos, sick animals, people with show cows

Question 5

what is a barn milking system?

Answer 5

if moos are tied in a barn (confined), one station per two moos

Question 6

what is a herringbone parlor?

Answer 6

milking machines are in the middle with 2 rows of moos on each side and a central pit with workers

Question 7

what is a swingover parlor?

Answer 7

herringbone type but only with 1 set of milkers, milkers swing from 1 side to the other

Question 8

what is a rapid exit parallel?

Answer 8

many moos to enter and all moos exit both sides at once

Question 9

what is a rotary?

Answer 9

moo steps on when empty stall is available

Question 10

what is a robotic parlor?

Answer 10

allows moos to milk up to 3x per day

Question 11

Describe day 0 of a dairy moo

Answer 11

calf - heifers calve at 2 years of age

Question 12

describe day 0 - 120

Answer 12

open (non-prego) and lactating

Question 13

describe days 120-400

Answer 13

pregnant 280 days (nine months) lactate until day 340

Question 14

describe day 340

Answer 14

lactation ends 60 days before next calving

Question 15

how long is the dry period of a dairy moo

Answer 15

60 days

Question 16

when is a dairy moo sold?

Answer 16

after 3-5 lactations

Question 17

what is the calving interval for dairy moos?

Answer 17

400 days to 13.2 months

Question 18

what percent of moos should be bred by 150 days in milk?

Answer 18

75%

Question 19

goal is to have 75% moos bred by how many days in milk?

Answer 19

150 days in milk

Question 20

what are “days open”

Answer 20

time from calving until conception

Question 21

how long is the “days to first service”

Answer 21

ideal = 45-60 days post calving; more commonly 90-100 days

Question 22

what is meant by “days to first service”

Answer 22

day to first AI

Question 23

In peak lactation, how much DM is a holstein consuming?

Answer 23

3.7% of BW

Question 24

when does lactation end?

Answer 24

340 days post calving

Question 25

when does peak milk production during lactation occur?

Answer 25

30-150 DIM (days in milk)

Question 26

how do high producing animals compare to low producing animals in terms of the lactation curve?

Answer 26

high producing animals peak later in the lactation curve compared to low producing animals

Question 27

which seasons are the most conducive for milk production?

Answer 27

fall and winter

Question 28

which milking system do stanchion barns use?

Answer 28

uses barn milking system

Question 29

what are confinement dairies?

Answer 29

stanchion barns, free stall and parlor, dry lot and parlor, compost bedded pack barn and parlor

Question 30

describe compost bedded pack barns

Answer 30

base of wood shavings and saw dust, keep adding as bedding is soiled, turn and aerate bedding to breakdown manure

Question 31

what are pasture based systems?

Answer 31

intensive grazing, intensive grazing and seasonal breeding, permanent pasture and supplemental feeding

Question 32

what is the problem with intensive grazing systems regarding milk?

Answer 32

milk is highly variable due to changing forage quality

Question 33

what is the challenge with grazing and supplemental feeding?

Answer 33

variation in forage quality

Question 34

what is the typical calving interval for a dairy cow?

Answer 34

13.2 months (400 days)

Question 35

what is important about TMR?

Answer 35

every bite the moo takes is nutritious leading to consistent milk production

Question 36

what is provided to moos that can't consume enough forage to meet energy and other nutrients during lactation?

Answer 36

concentrate mix

Question 37

how much forage in BW should be fed to a moo?

Answer 37

1.75-2% of BW as forage

Question 38

concentrates (grains) should be limited to no more than what percent of the ration?

Answer 38

no more than 60% of the ration

Question 39

what are issues with concentrate feeds?

Answer 39

consuming enough nutrients depends on the cow eating enough of BOTH hay and grain

Question 40

what should be fed before grain?

Answer 40

feed forage before grain

Question 41

if hay and silage are used as forage, what should be fed first?

Answer 41

feed hay first

Question 42

why should forage be fed first?

Answer 42

stimulate rumination (scratch factor), increase saliva, increase buffering for acids made by grain fermentation

Question 43

ideally, a balance of what and what should be fed?

Answer 43

ideally, a balance of rapidly and slowly fermentable carbohydrate sources

Question 44

what are examples of rapidly fermentable CHO?

Answer 44

barley and corn

Question 45

what are examples of slowly fermentable CHO?

Answer 45

citrus pulp and beet pulp

Question 46

what type of protein do soybean meal or distillers grain provide?

Answer 46

tend to provide bypass protein

Question 47

high producing moos are unable to meet energy requirements when?

Answer 47

during early lactation from diet alone

Question 48

why are high producing moos unable to meet energy requirements in early lactation from diet alone?

Answer 48

DMI is a limiting factor

Question 49

where does energy come from during early lactation for a moo?

Answer 49

energy comes from glycolysis of her own body tissue

Question 50

what should the percentage of NDF be for dairy cows?

Answer 50

no less than 30%, most should come from forage

Question 51

how long should the forage fibers be for dairy cows?

Answer 51

20% should be >2 inches to provide scratch factor

Question 52

what types of protein are needed for dairy cows?

Answer 52

rumen degradable and undegradable protein

Question 53

why do moos always lose weight in early lactation?

Answer 53

milk production peaks before she can eat the appropriate amount of DM, so BW decreases

Question 54

what BCS scale do dairy moos use?

Answer 54

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