Beef Nutrition II Flashcards
what is effective temperature based on?
air temp, moisture, air speed
what does lower critical temperature depend on?
hair coat and weather conditions
How do energy requirements increase during cold stress?
energy requirements increase 1% for every degree below LCT in cold, dry conditions and 2% for cold, wet. conditions
environmental adjustments in the NRC added factors for:
internal insulation, hide thickness, heat production from feed
which feed has higher heat increment?
forages have a higher heat increment than grain
what is the ideal BCS of a red angus?
6
What should the BCS of beef cows be between at the beginning of calving season and throughout breeding season?
5-7
what does BCS affect in beef cow?
affects repro performance, particularly interval from calving to first heat
what is the relationship between calving to heat interval and BCS?
shorter interval to first heat with higher BCS
cows with lower BCS produce what type of colostrum?
lower quality - lower IgG levels
which BCS will impede repro/pregnancy?
less than 5 and above 7 at calving
after calving, how are cows grouped?
based on BCS
heifers should be at what percent of mature weight at breeding and calving?
65% of mature weight at breeding and 85% of mature weight at calving
how should heifers be fed compared to the rest of the herd?
feed separately
what are value-added calves?
preconditioned, quality assured, individual ID, source verified, age verified
what is a management method that prepares calves for auction or entering the feedlot?
spread out stressors calves experience
when does protein usually need to be supplemented?
for growing cattle - particularly UIP
what percentage of diets should be protein?
12-16% CP
what percentage of protein are supplements?
supplements usually fed at lower amounts usually 25-40% CP
why does urea do well with high energy diets but not high forage diets?
digested too slowly for urea to be used in high forage diets
why must high energy grains be given along with urea?
don’t want NH3 building in rumen due to risk of NH3 toxicity
True or false: The more weight the animal has, the more CP needed in the diet
false - less CP in diet because the animal doesn’t need to gain as much weight
what are high grain diet risks?
acidosis, laminitis, liver abscesses
what is needed in the diet for proper rumen function?
forage
