Equine Nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

foregut

A

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine

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2
Q

mouth

A

graze with front incisors

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3
Q

esophagus

A

enters stomach at oblique angle

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4
Q

stomach

A

very small, less than 10% of the gi tract

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5
Q

small intestine

A

30% of the gi tract, powerhouse of digestion, break down non-structural concentrates (sugars and starches)

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6
Q

can horse regurgitate?

A

NO, the oblique angle and sphincter on the stomach make it impossible

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7
Q

hindgut

A

large intestine, cecum, large colon, small colon, rectum, anus

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8
Q

cecum

A

65% of gi tract, cellulose is digested here

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9
Q

large intestine

A

absorbs water, get energy (volatile fatty acids)

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10
Q

what kind of fermentors are horses?

A

HINDGUT FERMENTORS

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11
Q

two parts of the daily ration

A

roughages and concentrates

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12
Q

roughages

A

2-2.5% BW, MIN of 1%

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13
Q

concentrates

A

grain, .5-1% BW

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14
Q

water

A

consume 10-12 gallons daily
- increase on hot days, work, or with hay intake

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15
Q

mineral blocks

A

make sure the horses are getting electrolytes and maintain homeostasis

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16
Q

locations we look at for BCS

A

crest of neck, withers, loin, tailhead, ribs, behind the elbows

17
Q

feeding in the winter

A

hay=primary forage
– supply plenty of water

18
Q

feeding in the summer

A

reduce feeds that create heat
–> feed pasture and grain
–> clean water and salt availability

19
Q

moldy hay

A

cannot regurgitate, horse will absorb mycotoxins and it will go through most of their digestive tact

20
Q

blister beetles

A

beetles that feed on alfalfa flowers, produce toxin cantharidan which causes blisters (dead or alive)

21
Q

colic

A

abdominal pain
–> many forms (gas, torsions, impaction, etc)

22
Q

laminitis

A

rotation of coffins bone, inflammation of sensitive laminae, front feet most susceptible

23
Q

causes of laminitis

A

shock - blood shunted to organs
founder - horse overeats sugars and starches
excess confusion - hard work surface

24
Q

number 1 cause of death in horses

A

colic

25
Q

number 2 cause of death in horses

A

laminitis

26
Q

fescue toxins

A

endophyte infested fescue is bad for late gestation mares ad is inhibits blood flow causing agalactia and red bag placenta

27
Q

how to change a horses diet?

A

slowly, horses do not have gallbladders so the bile cannot be stored here. If a horse has a quick change in diet it will have diarrhea