Equilibria Flashcards
What are two conditions for a reversible reaction in a closed system to be in equilibrium?
- rate of forward reaction = rate of reverse reaction
- concentrations of products and reactants no longer changing
State the symbol equation for the production of ammonia in the Haber process. Include state symbols.
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) <-> 2NH3 (g)
What are the typical conditions in the Haber process?
- 450 degrees C
- 200 atm (or 20 000 kPa)
- iron catalyst
State the symbol equation for the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide in the Contact process. Include state symbols.
2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) <-> 2SO3 (g)
What is the following equation?
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) <-> 2NH3
production of ammonia in Haber process
What is the following equation?
2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) <-> 2SO3 (g)
conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide in the Contact process
What are the typical conditions in the Contact process, to convert sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide?
- 450 degrees C
- 2 atm
- vanadium pentoxide catalyst
What is the source of hydrogen in the Haber process?
methane
What is the source of nitrogen in the Haber process?
air
What is the source of sulfur dioxide in the Contact process?
burning sulfur or roasting sulfide ores
What is the source of oxygen in the Contact process?
air
What are some substances used as fertilisers?
-ammonium salts and nitrates
-nitrogen
-phosphorus
-potassium
What can ammonium salts be used for?
fertiliser
What can nitrates be used for?
fertiliser
What do NPK fertilisers do?
provide nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for improved plant growth
what happens when hydrated cobalt(II) chloride is heated
it loses its water of crystallisation and turns into anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride
what happens when anhydrous blue cobalt(II) chloride crystals are added to water
turns pink
what happens when anhydrous copper(II) sulphate is added to water
turns blue
what happens when you increase concentration in a reversible reaction?
favor forward reaction
what happens when you decrease concentration in a reversible reaction?
favor reverse reaction
what happens when you increase temperature in a reversible reaction?
favor the endothermic reaction
what happens when you decrease temperature in a reversible reaction?
favor exothermic reaction
what happens when you increase pressure in a reversible reaction?
favor side with less moles
what happens when you decrease pressure in a reversible reaction?
favor side with more moles
what happens when you decrease or increase a catalyst in a reversible reaction?
rate of reaction increase but there is no effect on the actual equilibrium
