Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Question 1

What is atomic number?

Answer 1

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 2

What is mass number?

Answer 2

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 3

How can we find out how many electrons are in the outer shell of an atom?

Answer 3

seeing what group it is
eg. group 7- 7 electrons in outer shell

Question 4

How do we know how many electron shells are in an atom?

Answer 4

seeing what period it is
eg. period 3 - 3 shells

Question 5

Define ‘isotopes’.

Answer 5

different atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Question 6

Do isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties? Why?

Answer 6

yes, because they have the same number of electrons and same electronic configuration

Question 7

What is the melting point trend in Group 1 alkali metals?

Answer 7

melting point decreases as you go down

Question 8

What is the density trend in Group 1 alkali metals?

Answer 8

density increases as you go down

Question 9

What is the reactivity trend in Group 1 alkali metals?

Answer 9

reactivity increases as you go down

Question 10

What is formed when an alkali metal reacts with water?

Answer 10

metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas

Question 11

State properties of metals.

Answer 11

malleable, ductile, high density conduct heat and electricity, generally high melting points

Question 12

State properties of non-metals.

Answer 12

do not conduct, brittle, low density, low melting point

Question 13

How do the group VII halogens exist naturally?

Answer 13

diatomic

Question 14

What happens to the density of halogens as you go down the group?

Answer 14

density increases
as you go down

Question 15

What happens to the reactivity of halogens as you go down the group?

Answer 15

reactivity decreases
as you go down

Question 16

What is the appearance of chlorine at r.t.p?

Answer 16

pale yellow-green gas

Question 17

What is the appearance of bromine at r.t.p?

Answer 17

red-brown liquid

Question 18

What is the appearance of iodine at r.t.p?

Answer 18

grey-black solid

Question 19

State 4 general properties of transition metals.

Answer 19

• high densities
• high melting points
• form coloured compounds
• often act as catalysts (as elements or in compounds)

Question 20

What are the relative charges of protons, neutrons and electrons?

Answer 20

Protons - +1
Electrons - -1
Neutrons - 0

Question 21

What are the relative masses of protons, electrons and neutrons?

Answer 21

Protons - 1
Neutrons - 1
Electrons - 0

Question 22

Do isotopes have same chemical properties? Why or why not?

Answer 22

Yes, because they have the same amount of electrons + electronic config. (same number of e- in outer shell)

Question 23

What are the two types of isotopes?

Answer 23

Radioactive and non-radioactive.

Question 24

What is one medical use of a radioisotope?

Answer 24

Lung imaging, treatment of thyroid diseases or used in tracers.

Question 25

What is one industrial use of a radioisotope?

Answer 25

Locates leaks and measures corrosion.

Question 26

Group VIII noble gases have

Answer 26

a full outer shell

Question 27

what are displacement reactions

Answer 27

redox reactions so electrons will be lost from one atom and gained by another