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IGCSE Chemistry > Chemical Tests > Flashcards

Chemical Tests Flashcards

1
Q

Test for chloride + result.

A
  • acidify with dilute nitric acid then add aqueous silver nitrate
  • WHITE precipitate formed
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2
Q

Test for carbonate + result.

A
  • add dilute acid
  • effervescence and carbon dioxide gas produces
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3
Q

Test for bromide + result.

A
  • acidify with dilute nitric acid then add aqueous silver nitrate
  • CREAM precipitate formed
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4
Q

Test for iodide + result.

A
  • acidify with dilute nitric acid then add aqueous silver nitrate
  • YELLOW precipitate formed
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5
Q

Test for nitrate + result.

A
  • add aqueous sodium hydroxide then aluminium foil, warm carefully
  • ammonia produced
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6
Q

Test for sulfate + result.

A
  • acidify with dilute nitric acid and then add aqueous barium nitrate/barium chloride
  • white precipitate formed
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7
Q

acidifying with dilute nitric acid and then adding aqueous barium nitrate, white ppt formed

A

test for sulfate

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8
Q

reduction with aluminium foil and aqueous sodium hydroxide and then testing for ammonia gas

A

test for nitrate

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9
Q

acidifying with dilute nitric acid then adding aqueous silver nitrate

A

WHITE ppt: test for chloride
CREAM ppt: test for bromide
YELLOW ppt: test for iodide

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10
Q

reaction with dilute acid, effervescence and then testing for carbon dioxide gas

A

test for carbonate

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11
Q

Test for sulfite.

A

reaction with acidified aqueous potassium manganate (VII), which goes from purple to colourless

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12
Q

reaction with acidified aqueous potassium manganate (VII) which goes from purple to colourless

A

test for sulfite

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13
Q

How can we test for aqueous metal cations?

A

using aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia

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14
Q

We use aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia to test for…

A

aqueous metal cations

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15
Q

How can we test for aluminium cations (2 ways)?

A
  • add aqueous NaOH, forms WHITE ppt. which is soluble in excess and gives a colourless solution
  • add aqueous ammonia, forms WHITE ppt. which is insoluble in excess
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16
Q

How can we test for ammonium cations?

A
  • add aqueous NaOH, produces ammonia gas on warming. it will turn red litmus blue
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17
Q

How can we test for calcium cations (2 ways)?

A
  • add aqueous NaOH, white ppt. formed which is insoluble in excess
  • add aqueous ammonia, forms no ppt. or very slightly white ppt.
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18
Q

How can we test for chromium (III) cations (2 ways)?

A
  • add aqueous NaOH, green ppt. forms which is soluble excess
  • add aqueous ammonia, green ppt. forms, which is insoluble in excess
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19
Q

How can we test for copper cations (2 ways)?

A
  • add aqueous NaOH, light blue ppt. forms which is insoluble in excess
  • add aqueous ammonia, light blue ppt. forms, which is soluble in excess and gives a dark blue solution
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20
Q

How can we test for iron (II) cations (2 ways)?

A
  • add aqueous NaOH, green ppt. form which is insoluble in excess and turns brown near surface on standing
  • add aqueous ammonia, same result
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21
Q

How can we test for iron (III) cations (2 ways)?

A
  • add aqueous NaOH, red-brown ppt. forms which is insoluble in excess
  • add aqueous ammonia, same result
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22
Q

How can we test for zinc cations (2 ways)?

A
  • add aqueous NaOH, white ppt. forms which is soluble in excess and gives a colourless solution
  • add aqueous ammonia, same result
23
Q

After adding aqueous NaOH to Z, a soluble white ppt. forms which gives a colourless solution. What is Z?

24
Q

After adding aqueous ammonia/NaOH to Z, an insoluble red-brown ppt. forms. What is Z?

A

iron (III) cations

25
Q

After adding aqueous NaOH to Z, a soluble white ppt. forms which gives a colourless solution. What is Z?

A

aluminium cations

26
Q

After adding aqueous ammonia to Z, a WHITE insoluble ppt. forms. What is Z?

A

aluminium cations

27
Q

After adding aqueous ammonia to Z, ammonia gas is produced on warming. What is Z?

A

ammonium cations

28
Q

After adding aqueous NaOH to Z, a white insoluble ppt. forms. What is Z?

A

calcium cations

29
Q

After adding aqueous ammonia to Z, very slightly white ppt. forms. What is Z?

A

calcium cations

30
Q

After adding aqueous NaOH to Z, a soluble green ppt. forms. What is Z?

A

chromium (III) cations

31
Q

After adding aqueous ammonia to Z, an insoluble green ppt. forms. What is Z?

A

chromium (III) cations

32
Q

After adding aqueous NaOH to Z, an insoluble light blue ppt. forms. What is Z?

A

copper cations

33
Q

After adding aqueous ammonia to Z, a soluble light blue ppt. forms. which gives a dark blue solution. What is Z?

A

copper cations

34
Q

After adding aqueous ammonia/NaOH to Z, an insoluble green ppt. forms. It turns brown near surface on standing. What is Z?

A

iron (II) cations

35
Q

Test for ammonia gas.

A

damp red litmus paper turns blue

36
Q

Test for carbon dioxide gas.

A

limewater turns milky

37
Q

Test for chlorine gas.

A

damp litmus paper bleaches white

38
Q

Test for hydrogen gas.

A

lit splint squeaky pop

39
Q

Test for oxygen gas.

A

glowing splint relights

40
Q

Test for sulfur dioxide gas.

A

turns acidified aqueous potassium manganate(VII) from purple to colourless

41
Q

Flame colour for lithium, Li+.

42
Q

Flame colour for sodium, Na+.

43
Q

Flame colour for potassium, K+.

44
Q

Flame colour for calcium, Ca2+.

A

orange-red

45
Q

Flame colour for barium, Ba2+.

A

light green

46
Q

Flame colour for copper, Cu2+.

A

blue-green

47
Q

How should you carry out a flame test?

A
  • nichrome wire with a loop at one end: clean loop in some HCl
  • dip loop in substance to pick up a small volume
  • place loop into hottest part of a Bunsen flame (tip of pale blue flame)
  • observe colour
  • clean the nichrome wire in HCl and repeat with other substances
48
Q

acidifying with dilute nitric acid then adding aqueous silver nitrate

A

test for chloride/bromide/iodide

49
Q

How can we test for aluminium cations (2 ways)?

A
  • add aqueous NaOH, forms WHITE ppt. which is soluble in excess and gives a colourless solution
  • add aqueous ammonia, forms WHITE ppt. which is insoluble in excess
50
Q

How can we test for ammonium cations?

A
  • add aqueous NaOH, produces ammonia gas on warming. it will turn red litmus blue
51
Q

How can we test for calcium cations (2 ways)?

A
  • add aqueous NaOH, white ppt. formed which is insoluble in excess
  • add aqueous ammonia, forms no ppt. or very slightly white ppt.
52
Q

How can we test for chromium (III) cations (2 ways)?

A
  • add aqueous NaOH, green ppt. forms which is soluble excess
  • add aqueous ammonia, green ppt. forms, which is insoluble in excess
53
Q

How can we test for copper cations (2 ways)?

A
  • add aqueous NaOH, light blue ppt. forms which is insoluble in excess
  • add aqueous ammonia, light blue ppt. forms, which is soluble in excess and gives a dark blue solution
54
Q

How can we test for iron (II) cations (2 ways)?

A
  • add aqueous NaOH, green ppt. form which is insoluble in excess and turns brown near surface on standing
  • add aqueous ammonia, same result

IGCSE Chemistry (18 decks)

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