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HIstology > Epithelium: Cell Nucleus > Flashcards

Epithelium: Cell Nucleus Flashcards

1
Q

Cell Nucleus is composed of..

A

nucleolus chromatin nuclear envelope

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2
Q

The Nuclear Envelope has

A

Inner membrane Outer membrane

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3
Q

The inner membrane of the Nuclear Envelope is associated with

A

Nuclear lamina chromatin ribonucleoproteins

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4
Q

The outer membrane of the nuclear envelope is associated with

A

continuous with membrane of ER ribosomes

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5
Q

Nuclear Pore Complex has what type of structure?

A

Tripartate Structure (octogonal rings)

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6
Q

The Nuclear Pore Complex is embedded in ..

A

the Nuclear envelope

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7
Q

The Nuclear Pore complex has what type of proteins

A

Phe-gly nucleoporins (they control the channels)

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8
Q

How do Phe-gly nucleoporins control the channels?

A

they are the docking sites for nuclear transport factor cargo proteins

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9
Q

NLS

A

Nuclear localization signal pro-lys-lys-lys-arg-lys-val

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10
Q

X chromosome inactivation

A

random can be maternal or paternal in every FEMALE SOMATIC CELL (both x chromosomes in oocytes remain active)

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11
Q

X Chromosome inactivation can be seen in …

A

Barr Bodies Drumsticks of Neutrophil

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12
Q

How many times is DNA wrapped around histone octomer in chromatin?

A

1.65 times

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13
Q

What is the linker histone?

A

H1

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14
Q

what is the basic structural unit of chromatin

A

nucleosome

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15
Q

What is the histone octomer composed of ?

A

H2A, H2B, H3,H4

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16
Q

During what phase is chromatin uncondensed?

A

Interphase (g1,s,g2( Euchromatin

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17
Q

what is transcriptionally active chromatin?

A

Euchromatin

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18
Q

Euchromatin

A

transcriptionally active 10%total chromatin site of synthesis of nonribosomal RNA (mRNA & tRNA) precursors

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19
Q

Heterochromatin

A

condensed transcriptionally inactive 90% of total chromatin

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20
Q

Nucleoplasmic Transport What changes Ran-GTP to Ran-GDP? where?

A

Ran-GAP in cytoplasm

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21
Q

What changes Ran-GDP to Ran-GTP

A

RCC1 In nucleus

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22
Q

What does Ran-GBP do?

A

Ran-gtp binding protein disassociates (NES protein) from Ran-GTP in cytoplasm

23
Q

what do importins bind to?

A

alpha importin binds to (NLS Protein) beta importin binds to Ran-GDP

24
Q

What is a nuclear exportin?

A

Crm1

25
Q

Identify from left to right

A

dense fibrillar component

Granular component

fibrillar center

26
Q

Nucleostemin

Fibrillarin

Nucleolin

are found in…

A

Nucleolus

27
Q

Nuclelous is the site of..

A

sytnethesis of rRNA

site of assembly of ribosomal subunits

28
Q

Nucleolus is the product of

A

chromosome and the nucleolar organizing region (NOR)

29
Q

The nucleolus has three main compartments

A

Fibrillar Center

Dense fibrillar Components

Granular Component

30
Q

Fibrillar Center

A

RNA Pol I

signal regonition particle

chromatin with repeats of rRNA

31
Q

Dense Fibrillar Center

A

Fibrillarin

Nucleolin

ribonucleic prtoeins for rna modification

where nascent rRNA is present and undergoing processing (pre-RNA processing)

surrounds fibrillar centers

32
Q

Granular Component

A

Nucleostemin

site of assembly of pre ribosomal subjunits (18S (small) 28S (large))

75% of nuclear mass

33
Q

Nucleolus

A

diassociates during mitotis (mitotic prophase)

reappears at beginning of G1

more than one per nucleus sometimes

34
Q

Nucleolin

A

forms a coples with RPA which is required for intiation of DNA Synthesis

35
Q

Fibrillarin & Nucleolin

A

required for pre-RNA processing (dense fibrillar component)

36
Q

Nucleolin & Nucleostemin

A

AKA shuttling proteins (relocalize from nucleolus to nucleoplasm)

in resp to cell stree tnry into S phase (DNA synthesis) can be blocked by shuttling proteins

shuttling proteins bidning and inactivate p53 ( protector of DNA damage)

37
Q

Nucleostemin

A

unrelated to ribosomal biogensis

granular componenet

38
Q

rRNA synthesis occurs in what direction

A

5’ to 3’

39
Q

rRNA genes are seen

A

as repeating units on chromatin separated by nontranscribed spacers

the entire rRNA gene is covered by 100 RNA Pol I molecules

40
Q

RNA pol I makes

A

fibrils that represent rRNA Precursor (45S)

41
Q

45S

A

rRNA precursor

orientated perpendicular to the chromatin axis

detached from chromatin axis and cleaves into

28S 18S 5.8S rRNAS

42
Q

What is the large ribosomal subunit?

What precursors create the large ribosomal subunit?

A

60S

28S+5.8S+ 5S( from OUTSIDE of nucleolus)+ 45 proteins

43
Q

What is the small ribosomal subunit?

what creates the small ribosomal subunit?

A

40S

18S+30 proteins

44
Q

The mRNA precursor is transcribed by

A

RNA Pol II

45
Q

the tRNA precursor is transcribed by

A

RNA pol III

46
Q

Feulgen Reaction

A

Specific for DNA

hydrolysis with HCL forms aldehyde groups on deoxyribose (DNA sugar) but no ribose (RNA sugar)

add Schiff reagents

stains DNA with chromatin purple

47
Q

Effect of Felgen reaction on nucleus and nucleolus

A

nucleus _stained purple (DNA)

nucleolus _unaffected (RNA)

48
Q

Autoradiography

A

H^3 Thymine -DNA

H^3Uridine -RNA

works on living cells

49
Q

PAS RXN

A

glycogen in cytoplasm stains pruple

nucleus remains unstained

50
Q

Basophillia

A

Toludine Blue (basic dye)

binds to negative phospahge group on DNA & RNA

All stain blue

DNA-chromatin

RNA-nucleolus

ribosomes (ER)

if pretreat with RNAase only identify DNA containing sites

if pretreat with DNAase only identify RNA containing sites

51
Q

Acidophillia

A

Eosin (dye)

stains basic proteins

52
Q

Are basic proteins acidophillic or basophillic

A

Acidophilic (affinity for acid dyes)

53
Q
A

HIstology (17 decks)

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