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HIstology > Epithelium: Apical Differentiations and CAM > Flashcards

Epithelium: Apical Differentiations and CAM Flashcards

1
Q

Kinocilium

A

a type of primary cilia that is part of the organ or corti in the inner ear

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2
Q

What lines the oviduct?

A

ciliated epithelial cells

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3
Q

Clijum is made up of..

A

microtubules

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4
Q

microvilli are made up of

A

microfiliments

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5
Q

sterocillium are made up of

A

microfiliments

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6
Q

Paracellular pathway

A

between cells

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7
Q

transcellular pathway

A

through cells

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8
Q

basal lamina is made up off

A

type 4 collagen +laminin

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9
Q

the reticular lamina is made up of

A

collagens, fibronectin, proteoglycans

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10
Q

Cadherins have how many calcium domains?

A

4

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11
Q

What sequence on the Cadherin facilitates cis-homophillic dimer formation

A

HVA (histadine-valine-alanine)

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12
Q

What are the three actin binding proteins on Cadherins?

A

Vinculin, formin-1, alpha actinin (catinins)

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13
Q

Name calcium dependent CAM?

A

Cadherin and Selectin

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14
Q

Name Calcium independent CAM?

A

IgSF and Integrins

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15
Q

E-cadherin is found in..

A

epithelia

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16
Q

N-cadherin is found in…

A

CNS, lens of the eye, cardiac and skeletal muscle

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17
Q

P-Cadherin is found in…

A

placenta (tropoblast)

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18
Q

Removal of Calcium disrupts…

A

tissue cohesiveness

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19
Q

What CAMS bind to F-Actin?

A

Cadherins and Integrins

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20
Q

What are the actin binding proteins for integrins?

A

Vinculin, talin, alpha actinin

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21
Q

beta catinin is also seen as a

A

transcriptional cofactor….colorectal carcingenisis

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22
Q

What are the three distinct apical differentiations?

A

Cilia
Microvilli
Sterocilia

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23
Q

Selectins

A

Carbohydrate recognizing domain

24
Q

What alters the carbohydrate recognizing domain in Selectins?

A

Calcium bound at the sides of the CRD regulates the conformation of the domain and its ability to bind carbohydrates

25
Q

What CAMs play a part in homing?

A

Selectins

Integrins attached to ICAM

26
Q

Selectins mediate interactions between what…

A

leukocytes and endothelial cells or blood platlets

intiate interactions between leukoctes from circulation to the sites of tissue inflammation

27
Q

E-selectin

A

Activated endothelial cells (blood vessels)

28
Q

L-selectin

A

leukocytes

29
Q

P-selectin

A

platelets and activated endothelial cells lining blood vessels (stored inc ytoplasmic vesicles in endothelial cells)

**on surface leukocytes have sialyl lewis-x antigen(olgiosaccride ligand for P-selectin)
slow down leukocytes

30
Q

Homing (describe process)

A
  1. Selectins mediate initial adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells
  2. formation of more stable adhesions in which integrins (on surface of leukoytes) bind to intracellular adhesion molecules (ICAMS, IgSF)
  3. The firmly attached leukocytes penetrate hte walls of cpaillaries and enter the tissue by migrating between endothelial cells (transcellular pathway) Transendothelial migration
31
Q

What are the main adhesion proteins holding peithelial cells together?

A

Cadherins

Sheet arrangement

32
Q

Which part of the Cadherin interacts wiht F-actin

A

The cytoplasmic Tail

through catinins

33
Q

What catinin directly binds to Cadherin

A

beta

34
Q

What catinin directly binds to actin

A

alpha

35
Q

Selectins have how many extra cellular domains?

A

three

36
Q

What are the three main domains of Selectins?

A
  1. Carbohydrate recognition domain (olgiosaccrides when attached to protien glycoprotein.. when attached to lipid glycolipid)
  2. Epidermal Growth Factor like domain
  3. Consenus repeats
37
Q

IgSf (immunoglobulin superfamily)

A

Immunoglobin domain/fold
Calcium independent
extracellular domain adhesion molecule
trans heterophillic/homphillic bidning

38
Q

Different types of IgSf

A

NCAM-neural tissues/nerve cells
VCAM-endothelial cells
ICAM-btwn leukocytes and endothelial cells (integrins on the surface of leukocytes bind to ICAMS) more stable adhesion

39
Q

CAMS Important in T cell interactions and binding of leukocytes to activated or resting endothelial cells

A

I CAM

V CAM

40
Q

IgSf

A

Encoded by a single gene

alternative mRNA

41
Q

What is the receptor for HIV-1 (tcells/helper cells)

A

IgSF (CD4)

42
Q

Integrins

A

heterodimers (alpha and beta subunits)

43
Q

Do Integrins have cytoplasmic or extracellular Domain?

A

CYTOPLASMIC DOMAIN

44
Q

What links integrins to actin?

A

Connecting Protiens (Vinculin, Talin, alpha actinin)

45
Q

What sequence do integrins recognize?

A

RGD sequence found in fibronectinin and laminin

46
Q

What subunit recognizes the RGD sequence?

A

the beta subunit

47
Q

What regulates the beta subunit binding in integrins?

A

the alpha subunit

48
Q

What links the cytoskeleton to the ECM?

A

integrins

49
Q

Laminin is found where?

A

in basal lamina

made by epithelial cells

50
Q

Fibronectin is found where?

A

in recticular lamina

made by fibroblast

51
Q

In hemidesmosomes integrins link…

A

basal lamina to intermediate filaments

which link the basal domain to the basement membrane

52
Q

Steps of Homing

A
  1. rolling: L-selectin
  2. adhesion: integrin activation (trigged by inflamm substances…chemokines)
  3. Transendothelial migration (diapedesis) involves f actin and myosin
53
Q

Purpose of Homing

A

to help with the moment of leukocytes from the blood stream to their home ( lymph nodes and thymus) or connective tissue

54
Q 
Adam Proteins
( A Disintegrin A metalloprotease)
A

reversal of integrin mediated cell binding to ECM disrupted by
needs zinc for proteolytic activity

55
Q

Adam Protein Domains (3)

A
  1. disintegrin domain (snake venom)
    has RGD tripeptide which binds to platelet glycoprotien gpIIb/IIA
    prevents platelet aggregation
  2. metalloprotease domain
    degrades components of ECM during migration + cleavage of membrane protein at plasma level release of soluble ectodomain leads too..inflamm targets alphaTNF
  3. ectodomain cleavage leads to paracrine signaling (membrane anchored growth factors)

HIstology (17 decks)

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