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Neuro AM > Epilepsy > Flashcards

Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

What is epilepsy?

A

Condition characterised by unprovoked recurrent seizures

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2
Q

What are the types of seizures?

A

Generalised

Focal/partial

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3
Q

What are the types of generalised seizures?6

A 
Tonic
Clonic
Tonic clonic
Atonic
Myoclonic
Absence
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4
Q

What are focal or partial seizures?

A

Seizures that can be attributed to one area of the brain

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5
Q

What are the types of focal seizure?

A

Simple- consciousness level normal

Complex- impaired conciousness

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6
Q

What is the presentation of generalised seizures?

A 
Classically no warning, aura or precipitating factors
Loss of conciousness
Injuries and incontinence common
Don't remember event
Post octal phase
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7
Q

What is the presentation of absence seizures?

A

~10 seconds

Staring into space, eye blinking, lip smacking, fidgeting

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8
Q

What happens in a post octal phase?

A 
5-30 minutes
Decreased conciousness
Confusion
Tired
Headache
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9
Q

What is the presentation of a focal seizures?

A

Often have aura
1-2 minutes
Deja vu, odd sensations, disorientation, speech changes, lip smacking, fiddling
Usually remember event

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10
Q

What investigations are done for a first seizure emergently?

A

FBC, U&E, LFTs
BM
ECG

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11
Q

What investigations are done for epilepsy?

A

EEG
CT/MRI esp in focal seizures
Video telemetry

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12
Q

What is a general rule for management of epilepsy?

A 
Generalised= sodium valproate
Partial= carbamazepine
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13
Q

What are the 1st line choices for generalised seizures?

A

Sodium valproate- teratogenic
Lamotrigine
Levetiracetam

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14
Q

What are the 2nd line options for generalised seizures?

A

Topiramate
Carbamazepine
Zonisamide

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15
Q

What is the management of absence seizures?

A

Ethosuximide

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16
Q

What is the 1st line management for focal seizures?

A

Carbamazepine

Lamotrigine

17
Q

What are some 2nd line options for focal seizures?4

A 
Sodium valproate
Topiramate
Gabapentin
Pregabalin
More..
18
Q

What is the rule for driving with epilepsy?

A

Report to DVLA

Must be 6 months seizure free

19
Q

What is a complication of epilepsy?

A

Status epilepticus

20
Q

What is status epilepticus?

A

Prolonged or recurrent tonic clonic seizures for >30 mines with no recovery period between

21
Q

What are the management steps of status epilepticus?

A
  1. IV lorazepam/buccal midazolam
  2. IV lorazepam
  3. IV phenytoin
  4. Anaesthesia
22
Q

What is the prognosis for status epilepticus?

A

5-10% mortality

23
Q

What blood test can be used to differentiate seizures from pseudo seizures?

A

Prolactin- raised serum prolactin after true seizure

Neuro AM (21 decks)

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