Brain haemorrhages Flashcards
What artery normally causes an epidural haemorrhage?
Middle meningeal due to position under squamous part of temporal bone- weak spot
What is the most common cause of an epidural haemorrhage?
Trauma
What is the presentation of an epidural haemorrhage?
Trauma then lucid period until symptoms is common Severe headache, loss of conciousness Weakness Vision change 3rd nerve palsy
What investigation is done for epidural haemorrhage?
MRI- limited to suture lines –> biconvex haenorrhage
What is the management of an epidural haemorrhage?
Emegency burr hole/craniotomy
Where does the bleeding normally come from in a subdural?
Emissary/bridging veins
What is the common location of subdural?
Tops or sides of frontal or parietal lobes
What are the causes of subdural?
Acute= trauma Chronic= damage to dural border cells in older people due to more friable vessels
What is the presentation of a subdural?
slower presentation
LOC, confusion, disorientation
Headache
Vision changes
What investigations are done for subdural and appearance?
CT/MRI
Cresentic collection not limited to suture lines
What is the management of a subdural?
Small= watchful waiting, burr hold and suction Large/symptomatic= craniotomy
What are the common causes of a subarachnoid?
Trauma
RUptured aneurysm
What are the risk factors for subarachnoid?
Smoking
Hypertension
Excessive alcohol
What is the presentation of a subarachnoid?
Thunderclap headache= first or worst, often occipital Vomiting, photophobia Decreased LOC Neck stiffness/pain Seizures
What investigations are done for a subarachnoid?
CT
LP
