epilepsy Flashcards
what is epilepsy
recurrent spontaneous seizures
persistent and prolonged
2 features of seizure
prodrome: change in mood/behaviour
aura
causes of epilepsy
idiopathic structural TB trauma stroke increasedd ICP hemorrhage alcohol drugs hypoglycemia hypoxia
what structural defects cause epilepsy - 4
cortical scarring
development
leisons
scarring
what is a partial seziure - 2
1 part of hemisphere
structural disease
2 types of partial seziures
- simple
2. complex
what is a simple partial seizure
awareness unimpaired
no post ictal symptoms
what is a complex partial seizure
awareness impaired
post ictal confusion
what are the two types of primary generalised seizures
absence
tonic clonic
what is a primary generalised absent seizure
less than 10 second pauses
childhood
what is a primary generalised tonic clonic - 4
loss of consciousness
stiff limbs
post ictal confusions
drowsiness
what is myoclonic symptoms
sudden jerk
what are the DDx for epilespy - 4
vasovagal syncope
arrythmia
hypoglycemia
psychogenic/NEAD
what is an initial stage management
ACDE, O2, IV access, IV fluids
BM, VBG, bloods, CT
Hx
general exam
what are the investigations for seizure
bloods ecg urine - pregnancy ct/mri eeg
what are more common - provoked or non provoked
non provoked
when do you start a first time seizure person on an antiepileptic? 4 reasons
- risk of reoccurance
- reoccurance is unacceptable
- definitive epileptic on EEG
- brain damage on leison
3 classes of anticonvulsants
NA
Ca
GABA enhancement
examples of Na - 3
phenytoin
carbamazepine
lamotrigine
examples of Ca - 1
ethosuxamide
examples of gaba enhancment - 3
benzo
gabapentin
vigabatrin
what is a contraindication of AED
contraception pill
what is status epilepsy
more than 5 mins
what can status epilepsy lead to
hypoxia
AED SE - 4
drowsy
hair loss
agitation
headache
who is more likely for status epilepsy - 4
learning disability with structural brain change
encephalitis
stroke
brain tumour
what can cause odd behaviour
encephalitis
what is increased in bacterial
neutrophil
what is increased in viral
lymphocyte
what does SUDEP mean
sudden death by epilepsy
