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Neurology > Epilepsy > Flashcards

Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

Two main types of seizures

A

Focal or generalised

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2
Q

Types of focal seizures

A

With impairment of consciousness (complex), without impairment of consciousness (Simple), and evolving to bilateral convulsive seizure (secondary generalised)

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3
Q

Types of generalised seizures

A

Absent seizures, tonic-clonic, myoclonic, atonic seizures

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4
Q

Triggers of seizures

A

Poor sleep, alcohol, drugs, withdrawal, stroke, intracranial haemorrhage, SOLs, metabolic disturbances

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5
Q

Features of absent seizures

A

Often children, pause briefly, <10 secondarys, and then carry on where they left off

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6
Q

Features of tonic-clonic seizures

A

Patients lose consciousness, limbs stiffen and start jerking. Post ictal common

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7
Q

Features of myoclonic seizures

A

Sudden jerk of limb, trunk or face

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8
Q

Features of atonic seizures

A

Sudden loss of muscle tone, causing fall, whilst consciousness

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9
Q

Which seizures does carbamazepine worsen

A

Absent and myoclonic seizures

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10
Q

Features of complex focal seizures

A

Patients lose consciousness after aura or onset. Post-ictal symptoms common

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11
Q

Most common origin site for complex focal seizures

A

Temporal lobe, with post ictal confusion

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12
Q

Features of simple focal seizures

A

Do not lose consciousness, only experience focal symptoms. Post-ictal symptoms do not occur

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13
Q

Features of secondary generalised focal seizures

A

Experience of focal seizure, which evolves to generalised seizure, typically tonic clonic. 2/3 of patients with focal seizures

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14
Q

Post ictal featurs of seizures

A

Lasts 5-30 minutes after seizure, confusion, drowsiness, nausea, HTN and headache

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15
Q

Features of temporal lobe focal seizure

A

Automatisms (lip-smacking), deja vu/jamais vu, emotional disturbance (sudden terror), olfactory gustatory or auditory hallucination

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16
Q

Features of frontal lobe focal seizure

A

Motor features such as Jaksonian march, dysphasia or Todd’s palsy

17
Q

Features of parietal lobe focal seizures

A

Sensory symptoms such as tingling, numbness, motor symptoms due to spread of electricity to pre-central gyrus in frontal lobe

18
Q

Features of occipital lobe focal seizure

A

Visual symptoms such as spots and lines in visual field

19
Q

First line treatment for focal seizure

A

Carbamazepine or lamotrigine in first line

20
Q

First line treatment for absent seizures

A

Sodium valproate or ethosuximide

21
Q

First line treatment for tonic clonic seizures

A

Sodium valproate or lamotrigine

22
Q

First line treatment for myoclonic seizures

A

Sodium valproate, Levetiracetam or Topiramte

23
Q

First line treatment for atonic seizures

A

Sodium valproate or lamotrigine

24
Q

Cautions of sodium valproate

A

Women of childbearing age due to high risk of neural tube defects

25
Q

Alternative for sodium valproate

A

Lamotrigine

26
Q

Drugs more effective in focal seizures

A

Carbamazepine, gabapentin and phenytoin

27
Q

Drugs effective in all types of seizures

A

Lamotrigine, levetiracetam and valproate

28
Q

Side effects of phenytoin

A

Acne, anorexia, constipation, dizziness, gingival hypertrophy and tenderness, hirsutism, insomnia, paresthesia, rash, tremor

29
Q

Side effects of sodium valproate

A

Anaemia, confusion, convulsion, deafness, extrapyramidal disorders, gastric irritation, haemorrhage, headache, hyponatraemia, stupor, somnolence, thrombocytopenia, transient hair loss, tremor, weight gain, teratogen

30
Q

Side effects of carbamazepine

A

Ataxia, blood disorders, blurred vision, fatigue, hyponatraemia, oedema, skin problems, SIADH, drowsiness, diplopia

31
Q

Side effects of lamotrigine

A

Blurred vision, aggression/agitation, arthralgia, ataxia, back pain, diarrhoea, diplopia, dizziness, headache, insomnia, N+D, rash, tremor

32
Q

Side effects of topiramate

A

Abdominal pain, aggession, agitation, alopecia, anxiety, confusion, constipation, DNV, dyspepsia, movement disorders, mood changes, myalgia, parasthesia, tremor, weight loss

Neurology (21 decks)

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